Assessment of Normal Sagittal Alignment of the Spine and Pelvis in Children and Adolescents

Abstract

Aim. We aimed to determine spinopelvic balance in 8–19-year-old-people in order to assess pelvic and spinal parameters in sagittal view. Methods. Ninety-eight healthy students aged 8–19 years, who lived in the central parts of Tehran, were assessed. Demographic data, history of present and past diseases, height (cm), and weight (kg) were collected. Each subject was examined by an orthopedic surgeon and spinal radiographs in lateral view were obtained. Eight spinopelvic parameters were measured by 2 orthopedic spine surgeons. Results. Ninety-eight subjects, among which 48 were girls (49%) and 50 boys (51%), with a mean age of 13.6 ± 2.9 years (range: 8–19) were evaluated. Mean height and weight of children were 153.6 ± 15.6 cm and 49.9 ± 13.1 kgs, respectively. Mean TK, LL, TT, LT, and PI of subjects were 37.1 ± 9.9°, 39.6 ± 12.4°, 7.08 ± 4.9°, 12.0 ± 5.9°, and 45.37 ± 10.7°, respectively. Conclusion. Preoperation planning for spinal fusion surgeries via applying PI seems reasonable. Predicating “abnormal” to lordosis and kyphosis values alone without considering overall sagittal balance is incorrect. Mean of SS and TK in our population is slightly less than that in Caucasians.

Comparison of sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in highly trained athletes from different sport disciplines

“…One limitation of the present research is that some of previous papers have analysed adult athletes. Sagittal spine curvatures and pelvic inclination are different in adolescents and adults (Ghandhari, Hesarikia, Ameri, & Noori, 2013). Therefore, these comparisons may be somewhat limited due to the differences in the age of participants.…”

Normal sagittal parameters of global spinal balance in children and adolescents: a prospective study of 646 asymptomatic subjects

“…Existing relationships between regional parameters described in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacropelvic spine are assessed to provide the information of the GSB [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. When evaluating patients with spinal pathology, the GSB plays an important role in surgical planning and in attempting to minimize complications such as adjacent segment disease, sagittal imbalance, implant failure, pseudarthrosis and progressive deformity, particularly with long constructs.…”

The different compensatory mechanism of sagittal spinopelvis in patients with LDH and patients with spondylolisthesis

“…PI has been known to be stabilized and have no further change after adult stage. There is a geometrical relation between the PI and the two positional parameters as well as PI = PT+SS [13][14][15].…”