Assessment of natural groundwater physico-chemical properties in major industrial and residential locations of Lagos metropolis

Abstract

This study investigated groundwater quality collected from two industrial and residential locations in each of Lagos metropolis. Prescribed standard procedures of American Public Health Association were used to measure physico-chemical parameters of each of the groundwater samples which include pH, EC, DO, TDS, BOD, COD, anions (Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , PO 4 3− ) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Fe, Co, Cd and Cr). From laboratory analysis, measured physico-chemical parameters were within the permissible ranges specified by the WHO and NSDWQ except pH, TDS, EC, Pb, Mn and Fe for groundwater samples from industrial locations and pH, Pb, Mn and Fe for residential locations. Higher concentrations of TDS and EC reported for groundwater samples from industrial locations were attributed to heavy discharge of effluents from industrial treatment plants as well as dissolution of ionic heavy metals from industrial activities of heavy machines. Statistical Pearson's correlation revealed physico-chemical parameters of water quality to be moderately and strongly correlated with one another at either p < 0.05 or < 0.01.

Seasonal variation and correlation between the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of Nile water in selected area in Egypt (Case study)

“…As for pH, all values recorded (7.1 to 8.0) were within the WHO limits for drinking water (6.5-8.0) and were higher in winter as compared to summer (21). This is following previous studies concerning the Nile (22).…”

“…Total dissolved solids (TDS) in water samples had a mean value of 230 mg/l in summer and 316 mg/l in winter, which are both within the permissible limit (500mg/l) set by the WHO (21). The data of the present study show that the total hardness of water was lowest in summer109 mg/l and increased to 152 mg/l in winter.…”

“…The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is usually regarded an indicator for determining the level of water pollution (6). The WHO sets the permissible limit for COD as 40mg/l (21). As seen in Table (1), COD values obtained during the present study were all within the permissible limits and ranged from 1.7 to 2.8 mg/l.…”

“…The electrical conductivity (EC) values for the water samples showed a minimum value of 210µS/cm in winter and a maximum value of 390 µS/cm in summer. All values were within the WHO guidelines, where the maximum permissible EC in drinking water is 900 µS/cm (21). Dissolved oxygen (DO) is used as a water quality measure and it is an essential parameter for aerobic organism metabolism.…”

Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Spring Water Sources in Amediye District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

“…Water resources, in particular, groundwater sources are being used for drinking, industrial, agricultural, and recreational desires (1). However, human-made activities such as industry, agriculture, and household influence the quality of groundwater sources (2). Analyzing the quality of water sampling will carry a range of water sample tests out in compliance with water quality requirements to assess the concentration of component properties from sources (3).…”