Assessment of multidrug resistance in bacterial isolates from urinary tract-infected patients

Abstract

The emerging threat of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in a wide range of diseases is a major public health problem, which prolongs treatment, imposes disabilities and reduces the expected life span. MDR is common in urinary tract infections (UTI). Due to recent dramatic change in antimicrobial activity spectrum, we evaluated the current spectrum of antimicrobials activity in UTIs. We observed 33% infection rate in cultures and positive cultures were followed by the Kirby-Bauer technique for sensitivity testing. We evaluated that females are 3.71 folds more infected than males. We observed Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the most frequent and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as the least (9.1%). Further, we noted that E. coli infection in males is 4.75 times of males. Moreover, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and E. coli are 2.33 and 7.67 times more prevalent than P. aeruginosa respectively. Our sensitivity results indicate that E. coli and K. pneumoniae are resistant to the most tested antimicrobials. However, P. aeruginosa is susceptible to only few of the tested drugs which include Amikacin, Piperacillin+Tazobactam (in combination), and Ceftriaxone. We conclude, due to MDR strains we need to imitate the current strategies and propose neoadjuvant and other therapies like applied in cancer.

Untitled

“…also reported the highest resistance towards Ampicillin (74.38%), followed The current study highlights the prevalence of UTIs to be more in women than in men. This comparison is similar to the results of other studies in regions like Gujarat 24 , Patna 25 , Rajasthan 3 , and New Delhi 26 . The male urethra is13-20 cm long, whereas females possess a shorter urethra, approximately 3.8 to 5.1 cm long.…”

“…UTIs occur in both men and women, but the incidence rate in women is higher when compared to men. Nearly half of the women population experience at least 1 episode of UTI in their lifetime, with 20-40% of them exhibiting recurrent episodes 3 .…”

“…UTIs may involve the upper and the lower urinary tracts, with the lower UTIs being defined as cystitis and characterized by symptoms of dysuria, suprapubic tenderness, frequency, and urgency 4 . The most common pathogens causing UTIs include Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp 3 .…”

Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin, effective oral empirical treatment options against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli

“…The prevalence of UTI in our study was found to be 31.3% which is similar to the results of the study done in Rawalpindi by Khan MI. 9 Out of positive bacterial growth samples, 38% were females and 24% were males. Increased prevalence of UTI in females was also found in a research study done by Ullah A. in Kohat Teaching Hospital.…”

Isothermal Amplification of Nucleic Acids Coupled with Nanotechnology and Microfluidic Platforms for Detecting Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Beyond

“…unavailability of effective antimicrobial strategies and agents limit modern medicine's success rate in treating infections mainly during major surgeries and cancer chemotherapy. [9][10][11][12] The emergence and spread of new forms of resistance remain a concern. What's even more alarming is the con-infection of the unresolved, worldwide infections such as TB with other emerging infections, such as COVID-19.…”