Assessment of Mucus Thickness and Production In Situ

Holm, Lena; Phillipson, Mia

doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-513-8_12

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On the experimental day, animals were anesthetized with 120 mg kg −1 body weight of 5‐ethyl‐5‐(1‐methylpropyl)‐2‐thiobutabarbital sodium (Inactin, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) given intraperitoneally. The in vivo mucus measurements were performed on six rats per group according to the methodology described previously, recapitulated in Figure A–C and detailed in Supporting Information. The descending colon was exteriorized with ≈0.5 cm 2 of the mucosal surface and covered by saline at 37 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Fat Diet Enriched with Bilberry Modifies Colonic Mucus Dynamics and Restores Marked Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Rats

Liu

Waldén

Ahl

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scope Emerging evidence suggests that high‐fat diet (HFD) is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and related disorders. Bilberry is a prebiotic food component with known health benefits. Herein, the dynamics of the colonic mucus layer and microbiome during HFD and bilberry supplementation are addressed. Methods and results The effects on colonic mucus thickness in vivo and gut microbiota composition (Illumina sequencing, quantitative real‐time PCR) are investigated in young rats fed a low‐fat diet or HFD with or without bilberries for 8 weeks (n = 8). HFD induced significant local colonic effects, despite no observed weight gain or systemic inflammation, as HFD causes epithelial upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which is counteracted by bilberry. The firmly adherent mucus layer becomes thicker and the mRNA levels of Muc2 and Tff3 are increased by HFD with or without bilberry. In parallel, HFD reduced the colonic abundance of mucolytic bacterial species Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides spp. Finally, bilberry prevents HFD‐induced microbiota dysbiosis, including expansion of pathobionts, for example, Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion HFD expand firmly adherent mucus thickness and reduce mucus‐foraging bacteria populations in the colon prior to obesity. Enriching HFD with bilberry protects against intestinal inflammation and marked microbiota encroachment.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Fat Diet Enriched with Bilberry Modifies Colonic Mucus Dynamics and Restores Marked Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Rats

Liu

Waldén

Ahl

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The gastric preparation for mucus thickness measurements has been described previously in detail[ 11 , 14 ]. In brief, the abdomen was opened through a midline incision and the stomach was exteriorised.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences and effects of oestrogen in rat gastric mucosal defence

Shore

Björne

Omoto

et al. 2017

WJG

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AIMTo evaluate sex differences and the effects of oestrogen administration in rat gastric mucosal defence.METHODSSex differences in gastric mucus thickness and accumulation rate, absolute gastric mucosal blood flow using microspheres, the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelium in response to a chemical irritant and the effects of oestrogen administration on relative gastric mucosal blood flow in an acute setting was assessed in an in vivo rat experimental model. Subsequently, sex differences in the distribution of oestrogen receptors and calcitonin gene related peptide in the gastric mucosa of animals exposed to oestrogen in the above experiments was evaluated using immunohistochemistry.RESULTSThe absolute blood flow in the GI-tract was generally higher in males, but only significantly different in the corpus part of the stomach (1.12 ± 0.12 mL/min•g in males and 0.51 ± 0.03 mL/min•g in females) (P = 0.002). After removal of the loosely adherent mucus layer the thickness of the firmly adherent mucus layer in males and females was 79 ± 1 µm and 80 ± 3 µm respectively. After 60 min the mucus thickness increased to 113 ± 3 µm in males and 121 ± 3 µm in females with no statistically significant difference seen between the sexes. Following oestrogen administration (0.1 followed by 1 µg/kg•min), mean blood flow in the gastric mucosa decreased by 31% [68 ± 13 perfusion units (PFU)] in males which was significantly different compared to baseline (P = 0.02). In females however, mean blood flow remained largely unchanged with a 4% (5 ± 33 PFU) reduction. The permeability of the gastric mucosa increased to a higher level in females than in males (P = 0.01) after taurocholate challenge. However, the calculated mean clearance increase did not significantly differ between the sexes [0.1 ± 0.04 to 1.1 ± 0.1 mL/min•100 g in males and 0.4 ± 0.3 to 2.1 ± 0.3 mL/min•100 g in females (P = 0.065)]. There were no significant differences between 17β-Estradiol treated males (mean ratio of positive staining ± SEM) (0.06 ± 0.07) and females (0.11 ± 0.11) in the staining of ERα (P = 0.24). Also, there were no significant differences between 17β-Estradiol treated males (0.18 ± 0.21) and females (0.06 ± 0.12) in the staining of ERβ (P = 0.11). Finally, there were no significant differences between 17β-Estradiol treated males (0.04 ± 0.05) and females (0.11 ± 0.10) in the staining of CGRP (P = 0.14).CONCLUSIONGastric mucosal blood flow is higher in male than in female rats and is reduced in male rats by oestrogen administration.

show abstract

“…The same spots were used for the second measurements after intervention. For detailed description of the method for mucus measurements see [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

iNOS-Dependent Increase in Colonic Mucus Thickness in DSS-Colitic Rats

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AimTo investigate colonic mucus thickness in vivo in health and during experimental inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsColitis was induced with 5% DSS in drinking water for 8 days prior to experiment, when the descending colonic mucosa of anesthetized rats was studied using intravital microscopy. Mucus thickness was measured with micropipettes attached to a micromanipulator. To assess the contributions of NOS and prostaglandins in the regulation of colonic mucus thickness, the non-selective NOS-inhibitor L-NNA (10 mg/kg bolus followed by 3 mg/kg/h), the selective iNOS-inhibitor L-NIL (10 mg/kg bolus followed by 3 mg/kg/h) and the non-selective COX-inhibitor diclofenac (5 mg/kg) were administered intravenously prior to experiment. To further investigate the role of iNOS in the regulation of colonic mucus thickness, iNOS −/− mice were used.ResultsColitic rats had a thicker firmly adherent mucus layer following 8 days of DSS treatment than untreated rats (88±2 µm vs 76±1 µm). During induction of colitis, the thickness of the colonic mucus layer initially decreased but was from day 3 significantly thicker than in untreated rats. Diclofenac reduced the mucus thickness similarly in colitic and untreated rats (−16±5 µm vs −14±2 µm). While L-NNA had no effect on colonic mucus thickness in DSS or untreated controls (+3±2 µm vs +3±1 µm), L-NIL reduced the mucus thickness significantly more in colitic rats than in controls (−33±4 µm vs −10±3 µm). The importance of iNOS in regulating the colonic mucus thickness was confirmed in iNOS−/− mice, which had thinner colonic mucus than wild-type mice (35±3 µm vs 50±2 µm, respectively). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed increased levels of iNOS in the colonic surface epithelium following DSS treatment.ConclusionBoth prostaglandins and nitric oxide regulate basal colonic mucus thickness. During onset of colitis, the thickness of the mucus layer is initially reduced followed by an iNOS mediated increase.

show abstract

Assessment of Mucus Thickness and Production In Situ

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

High‐Fat Diet Enriched with Bilberry Modifies Colonic Mucus Dynamics and Restores Marked Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Rats

High‐Fat Diet Enriched with Bilberry Modifies Colonic Mucus Dynamics and Restores Marked Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Rats

Sex differences and effects of oestrogen in rat gastric mucosal defence

iNOS-Dependent Increase in Colonic Mucus Thickness in DSS-Colitic Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About