“…We classified the patients into 2 groups according to their apathy scores: an apathetic group (≥16 points) and a non-apathetic group (<16 points). The cutoff point was determined on the basis of a previous report on Japanese stroke patients, and the scale displayed a high reliability (p = 0.96, p <0.0001, n = 20) and validity (sensitivity 81.3%, specificity 85.3%) with a cutoff point of 16 [28]. Other cognitive functions were evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [30], the Hasegawa dementia rating scale revised (HDS-R) [31], the frontal assessment battery (FAB) [32], and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) [33].…”