Assessment of Methylene Chloride–Related Fatalities in the United States, 1980-2018

Hoang, Anh; Fagan, Kathleen; Cannon, Dawn L.; Rayasam, Swati D G; Harrison, Robert J.; Shusterman, Dennis; Singla, Veena

doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.1063

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1 Especially, as one of the Cl-VOCs, 200 million pound DCM is widely generated in industrial processes. 2 However, DCM could go through an extended half-life of 1.5 years once exposed to groundwater which seriously destroys the ecological environment and human health owing to its improper disposal. 3 Hence, it is urgent to find an efficient and clean technology to remove or convert DCM into a highly valued chemical.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs) are a kind of persistent and highly toxic gas pollutants, which are the prevailing solvents in the industrial process and production and life of mankind . Especially, as one of the Cl-VOCs, 200 million pound DCM is widely generated in industrial processes . However, DCM could go through an extended half-life of 1.5 years once exposed to groundwater which seriously destroys the ecological environment and human health owing to its improper disposal .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon-Encapsulated NCO_4−β/C Hierarchical Nano-Microflowers for Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Dichloromethane

Yang

Fan

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Electrochemical dechlorination of dichloromethane (DCM) to high-value methane not only reduces carbon emission and environmental pollution but also alleviates energy shortages. In this study, a series of carbon-confined NiCo2O4−β/C x (NCO4−β/C x , x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3) with hierarchical nano-microflower structures were successfully constructed via combining the hydrothermal method and dopamine in situ polymerization, which were utilized as electrocatalysts for electrochemical dechlorination of DCM. The as-prepared NCO4−β/C1 showed remarkable electrocatalytic dechlorination performance of DCM with a high methane selectivity of 87% and methane Faradaic efficiency of 17%, where the production rate of methane is up to 3538.25 μmol g–1 h–1 at −2.98 V (vs Ag/AgCl/Me4NCl). Notably, it could be experimentally proved that nickel cobaltite encapsulated in the carbon layer may accelerate the charge transfer and then build up the dechlorination activity. Additionally, two possible dichlorination mechanisms of DCM to methane are theoretically confirmed at the Ni active sites, which is proved by DFT calculations. This study presents promising ideas for developing efficacious dechlorination electrocatalysts and the efficient transformation of chlorinated volatile compounds (Cl-VOCs) to value-added methane in an environmentally benign manner.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Encapsulated NCO_4−β/C Hierarchical Nano-Microflowers for Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Dichloromethane

Yang

Fan

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…In this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine , Hoang and colleagues report a large case series of deaths from methylene chloride exposure in the US. Their study establishes the adverse consequence of allowing the chemical’s widespread use and the limitations of our public health system in identifying and preventing the hazard.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To assemble the series of 85 fatal cases from 1980 to 2018, Hoang and colleagues had to rely on 10 data sources. Of the deaths, 66 were identified by governmental regulatory agencies; other major sources included newspaper articles and a compendium of legal cases.…”

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Deaths From Methylene Chloride Exposure

Rosenman

2021

JAMA Intern Med

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Halogenated One‐Carbon Compounds

Bevan

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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This chapter reviews the one‐carbon compounds with chlorinated, brominated, or iodinated substituted side groups. At ambient temperatures, methyl chloride and methyl bromide are gases; iodoform and methylene chlorobromide are solids; and the remaining seven chemicals in this chapter are volatile, nonflammable liquids. The nonflammability has been an important property for the uses of these chemicals as solvents. Most, if not all, of the chemicals in this chapter are produced in closed‐system facilities. Three of the chemicals (methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, and methylene chlorobromide) are ozone‐depleting substances and are tightly regulated under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Thus, these chemicals are restricted to feedstock or intermediate uses where, by definition, it is used and entirely consumed, except for trace quantities, and certain exempt applications. For the other chemicals in this chapter, the primary, if not exclusive, uses are as feedstocks or intermediates in the production of other chemicals, the exception being methyl iodide.

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Assessment of Methylene Chloride–Related Fatalities in the United States, 1980-2018

Abstract: This case series analyzes characteristics of methylene chloride–related fatalities in the United States from 1980 to 2018.

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Carbon-Encapsulated NCO_4−β/C Hierarchical Nano-Microflowers for Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Dichloromethane

Carbon-Encapsulated NCO_4−β/C Hierarchical Nano-Microflowers for Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Dichloromethane

Deaths From Methylene Chloride Exposure

Halogenated One‐Carbon Compounds

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Assessment of Methylene Chloride–Related Fatalities in the United States, 1980-2018

Abstract: This case series analyzes characteristics of methylene chloride–related fatalities in the United States from 1980 to 2018.

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Carbon-Encapsulated NCO4−β/C Hierarchical Nano-Microflowers for Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Dichloromethane

Carbon-Encapsulated NCO4−β/C Hierarchical Nano-Microflowers for Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Dichloromethane

Deaths From Methylene Chloride Exposure

Halogenated One‐Carbon Compounds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Carbon-Encapsulated NCO_4−β/C Hierarchical Nano-Microflowers for Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Dichloromethane

Carbon-Encapsulated NCO_4−β/C Hierarchical Nano-Microflowers for Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Dichloromethane