A ging is a physiological process associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality even in the absence of known cardiovascular risk factors. 1 The main feature of arterial aging is the thickening, dilation, and stiffening of the artery, 2,3 which is described as senile arteriosclerosis. 4 The repeated cycles of distension and elastic recoil of the arterial wall accelerate the fragmentation and depletion of elastin, leading to a substantial increase in the inner diameter and the deposition of collagen with increasing stiffness.5 As a result, the stiffening of the proximal aorta and early wave reflection give rise to the development of isolated systolic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure with a basis on a ventricular-vascular coupling mechanism; all of these factors lead to an increase of cardiovascular mortality with aging. 5,6 Thus, the assessment of mechanical properties of the artery in humans using noninvasive techniques is of growing importance. For quantification of aortic elastic properties, there are many noninvasive measures, including pulse wave velocity and echocardiographic techniques presented as distensibility, strain, and pressure-strain elastic moduli.7-11 However, these methods represent a global estimation of arterial elasticity and, therefore, have limitations because arterial changes usually begin as regional changes. With the availability of more advanced ultrasound techniques, a novel automated speckletracking method using velocity-vector imaging (VVI) software has facilitated the assessment for angle-independent and instantaneous quantification of arterial elastic properties by providing the 2-dimensional-derived tissue radial velocity (RV), circumferential strain, and strain rate in both regional and segmental aspects.
12-15We previously showed that arterial assessment using VVI represents a new method for quantifying vascular alteration not only in the clinical conditions of vasculitis 12,13 but also in other disorders associated with aging.16 Despite these investigations, further histological validation will facilitate the clinical application of VVI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the parameters of VVI between young and senescent dogs and to assess the correlations between the VVI parameters and histological changes. Objective-Velocity-vector imaging (VVI) represents a valuable new method for noninvasive quantification of vascular properties associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlations between VVI parameters and histological changes with aging. Approach and Results-Fourteen mongrel dogs were classified as either young (n=7; age, 1-2 years; female; weighing 22-29 kg) or senescent (n=7; age, 8-12 years; female; weighing 36-45 kg). The short-axis image of the descending thoracic aorta was obtained for VVI analysis with transesophageal echocardiography. The location of the image was identified using fluoroscopic guidance, and the aortic tissue was extracted. After dividing the aortic wa...