Assessment of Maternal Antibody Decay and Response to Canine Parvovirus Vaccination Using a Clinic-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Abstract

Abstract.Interference caused by maternal antibodies is considered a major cause of canine parvovirus (CPV) vaccination failure. In this study, an immunoblot clinic-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect CPV antibodies in sera of pregnant bitches and their offspring to study the response of pups to vaccination. With a easily accessible procedure for CPV antibody determination, the veterinarian should be able to gauge the response of pups after vaccination. The validity of the technique was tested in parallel against the standard hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Results of the ELISA were correlated with those of the standard HI method for quantification of CPV antibodies. With the ELISA, successfully immunized pups were identified, allowing for a more reliable and cost-effective program of vaccination. This simple clinicbased test could be used for the assessment of vaccination status of pups during the critical phase of 6 to about 16 weeks of age. This study is the first in which vaccination response to CPV in pups was followed, using a clinic-based ELISA for CPV antibody monitoring.Maternal antibody transfer in the dog occurs primarily by intestinal absorption from the colostrum during the initial 2 days of the pup's life.1 Interference by maternal antibodies is regarded as a major cause of canine parvovirus (CPV) vaccination failure in young dogs. 1,7 Attempts to develop immunization strategies to overcome this problem have to date been based on administration of multiple vaccinations from about 6 weeks of age until about 16-18 weeks of age. 2In this study, we tested an immunoblot clinic-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to semiquantitatively assay CPV antibodies in sera of pregnant bitches and their offspring to study the kinetics of maternal antibodies in pups and the response of pups to vaccination. With an easily accessible inclinic procedure for CPV antibody determination, it should be possible to monitor response of pups after vaccination with CPV. The validity of the technique was tested in parallel with the standard hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Materials and methodsAnimals. Ten pure-bred, pregnant beagle dogs a were used in this study. The bitches were allowed to whelp normally, and 4 pups were selected at random from each litter for antibody studies.

Evaluation of post-vaccination immunity to canine distemper and parvoviruses in Benin City, Nigeria

“…This correlated well with what was reported in literature (Abdullahi, 1979). Investigation of immune status following vaccination using standard procedures like the hemagglutination inhibition (HI), serum neutralization (SN) and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) has not been practicable in Nigeria in view of the cost and other limitations associated with these tests (such as trained personnel and time constraint) as has been the case even in some advanced countries of the world (Waner et al, 1996;Waner et al, 1998;Waner et al, 2004). Thus, the use of a rapid inclinic immunoblot ELISA technique for the semi quantitative analyses of antibody titers to CPV and CDV provides solution to this limitation.…”

“…Veterinarians and researchers have come to the conclusion that the surest way to know that a puppy has adequately responded to vaccination or to confirm the immune status in a mature dog is to check the antibody levels in the dog's blood or serum. An easily accessible in-clinic procedure called immunoblot ELISA assay (rapid dot-ELISA assay or immunocomb ELISA test) has been developed for the semi-quantitative assay of CDV and CPV IgG antibody titres in the sera of vaccinated mature and young dogs using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology (Naveh et al, 1995;Waner et al, 1996;Waner et al, 1998;Truyen, 2001).…”

Canine Parvovirus: Current Perspective

“…This test is based on the antigen-antibody reactions with specific MAbs fixed on plastic, nitrocellulose membranes, latex or gold particles [96]. The tests are rapid, relatively cheap and can be performed in any veterinary clinic.…”

An Outbreak of Canine Coronavirus in Puppies in a Greek Kennel

“…In the current case, it is possible that interference caused by these antibodies led to vaccination failure. 4,21 However, it seems that the presence of parvovirus may not be related to the clinical manifestation of the disease as it relates to the 10 other puppies.…”