An Outbreak of Canine Coronavirus in Puppies in a Greek Kennel

Ntafis, Vasileios; Mari, Viviana; Danika, Stefania; Fragkiadaki, Eirini; Buonavoglia, Canio

doi:10.1177/104063871002200231

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Greece, the presence of CCoV was recently reported for the first time, in a severe outbreak of enteritis in a kennel. By sequence and phylogenetic analysis, high similarity to the pantropic CB/05 strain in the most variable region of the S gene was demonstrated [22]. In the present study, the molecular characterization and sequence analysis findings of a CCoV-IIa pantropic strain, as well as the need for new genetic markers, are reported.…”

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confidence: 52%

Molecular characterization of a canine coronavirus NA/09 strain detected in a dog’s organs

et al. 2011

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In the present study, the detection of a pantropic canine coronavirus (CCoV) strain in a dog with lethal diarrhoea is reported. RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR assays were used for the detection, characterization and quantitation of CCoV. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the CCoV NA/09 revealed a high degree of sequence identity with the pantropic strain CB/05, indicating the presence of CB/05-like pantropic strains in Greece. The absence of the 38-nucleotide deletion in ORF3b, which is characteristic of CB/05, indicates the need to identify new genetic markers for pantropic variants of CCoV, probably in the spike-protein gene region.

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confidence: 52%

Molecular characterization of a canine coronavirus NA/09 strain detected in a dog’s organs

et al. 2011

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“…CCoV is known to have spread worldwide, with the virus detected or isolated in Europe, U.S.A., Asia and Australia (Appel, 1987;Bandai et al, 1999;Carmichael and Binn, 1981;Naylor et al, 2001;Pollock and Carmichael, 1979). In Greece, CCoV detection was reported for the first time in 2010, and it was associated with a severe outbreak of enteritis in young dogs in a municipal kennel (Ntafis et al, 2010). The aim of the present study was the detection, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of CCoV strains circulating in Greece.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Canine coronavirus, Greece. Molecular analysis and genetic diversity characterization

Ntafis

Mari

Decaro

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is an etiologic agent of diarrhea in dogs and is known to have spread worldwide. Mild disease or asymptomatic carriage are probably in many cases common outcomes of infection. To date, two different genotypes of CCoV are known, CCoV type I (CCoV-I) and CCoV type II (CCoV-II). CCoV type II is divided in two subtypes, CCoV-IIa (classical strains) and CCoV-IIb, with CCoV-IIb emerging as a result of a putative recombination between CCoV-IIa and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of CCoV in Greece and to genetically analyze the circulating strains. Between December 2007 and December 2009, 206 fecal samples were collected from dogs with diarrhea from kennels, pet shops and veterinary clinics of different country regions. RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR assays were used for CCoV detection and characterization. CCoV was identified in 65.1% of the dogs presenting diarrhea, being more frequently detected in animals younger than 3 months old and in animals housed in groups. In 47% of the positive samples more than one CCoV genotype/subtype were detected, with triple CCoV-I/CCoV-IIa/CCoV-IIb infections being identified for the first time. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CCoV-I Greek strains share low genetic relatedness to each other and to the prototype CCoV-I strains in the 5' end of the S gene. Moreover, a divergent CCoV-IIa strain was identified. The circulation of highly variable CCoV-I and CCoV-IIb emerging strains, as well as the detection of the divergent strain, raise concerns on the importance of these new strains as primary pathogens of diarrhoeic syndromes diagnosed in dogs.

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“…In contrast, no CECoV was isolated from 26 dogs sampled in a boarding kennel (Tennant et al, 1993). Sporadic outbreaks of CECoV-related disease in kennels has led to the suggestion that dogs living in these environments may be more susceptible to CECoV (Benetka et al, 2006;Binn et al, 1974;Ntafis et al, 2010;Tennant et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross sectional and longitudinal surveys of canine enteric coronavirus infection in kennelled dogs: A molecular marker for biosecurity

Stavisky

Pinchbeck

Gaskell

et al. 2012

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Previous studies have suggested that kennelled dogs are more likely to test positive for CECoV than household pets. Here we describe both cross sectional and longitudinal studies in two rescue kennels and two boarding kennels, together with molecular diagnostics, to provide a new insight into the epidemiology of CECoV. Prevalence of CECoV in the cross sectional studies tended to be higher in the rescue kennels (13.8% and 33.3%) than the boarding kennels (5.3% and 13.5%). In each kennel, type I CECoV was more prevalent than type 2 CECoV. The mean quantity of type I detected was equivalent to 6.3 × 10(8)gc/gm (range=5 × 10(6), 8.5 × 10(11)), compared to 1.3 × 10(8)gc/gm (range = 3 × 10(6), 2.4 × 10(10)) for type II. In one rescue shelter where dogs were followed longitudinally, infection was significantly associated with accommodation block as well as the length of stay (increased risk of CECoV per week in residence of × 1.9). Of those animals sampled on two or more occasions, none tested positive on arrival, and 54.5% later shed CECoV, suggesting that infection may have been acquired within the kennel. Shedding patterns and sequence analysis suggested both types I and II CECoV were maintained in this population by a combination of introductions into the shelter and within-shelter transmission. The findings suggest that some kennel environments may be important in maintaining CECoV infection in the population. We also propose that the diversity of viruses like CECoV in these populations may provide a novel surrogate marker for the success of biosecurity.

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An Outbreak of Canine Coronavirus in Puppies in a Greek Kennel

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular characterization of a canine coronavirus NA/09 strain detected in a dog’s organs

Molecular characterization of a canine coronavirus NA/09 strain detected in a dog’s organs

Canine coronavirus, Greece. Molecular analysis and genetic diversity characterization

Cross sectional and longitudinal surveys of canine enteric coronavirus infection in kennelled dogs: A molecular marker for biosecurity

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