Assessment of Lymph Node Tuberculosis in Northern Germany

Geldmacher, Henning; Taube, Christian; Kroeger, C; Magnussen, H; Kirsten, D

doi:10.1378/chest.121.4.1177

Cited by 145 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A significant association between extrapulmonary involvement and the presence of risk factors was observed, as all patients, except for one, were co-infected by HIV, similar to what has been found in other studies [13,20]. There was a predominance of peripheral tuberculosis lymphadenitis in comparison to each of the other extrapulmonary forms, which was also found in other countries [18,20]. During the last few years, the miliary form has been affecting adults with predisposition factors related mainly to immunosuppression [16,20].…”

Section: Risk Factors* Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Tuberculosis: a study of 111 cases in an area of high prevalence in the extreme south of Brazil

Mattos¹,

Ribeiro²,

Netto³

et al. 2006

Braz J Infect Dis

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Tuberculosis is an increasingly important public health problem in developing countries. We studied 111 tuberculosis patients confirmed by mycobacteria isolation between 1998 and 2000 in Rio Grande, in south Brazil. One-hundred-thirteen pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical materials were examined through culture by the Ogawa-Kudoh method and through smear examination by the Ziehl-Nielsen or Kinyoun methods. The identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was done through the usual phenotypical methods. The proportion method (indirect technique) was used to determine the resistance of isolates. The man/woman ratio was 2.6:1, 75% were white, and the group had a mean age of 39.7±12.7. Risk factors were present in 38.7% (34 men and 9 women, p=0.2), with a mean age of 35 (p=0.002); infection by HIV was the most frequent (28.8%), followed by alcoholism (16.2%) and injected drug use (15.3%). The frequency of M. tuberculosis isolates was 99.1%. Pulmonary disease occurred in 88.3% of the cases, extrapulmonary in 9.9% and 1.8% in both. There was an association between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the presence of risk factors (p=0.0001). Resistance to isoniazid was found in 4% of the isolates and to isoniazid and rifampin in 2%, all being patients with some risk factors. The profile of tuberculosis in the population of this study followed the pattern described for developing regions of the world.

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Section: Risk Factors* Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Studies conducted in Brazil as well as abroad have reported similar results [14,[16][17][18]. Nevertheless, [19].…”

Section: Risk Factors* Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Tuberculosis: a study of 111 cases in an area of high prevalence in the extreme south of Brazil

Mattos¹,

Ribeiro²,

Netto³

et al. 2006

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…Tuberculous lymphadenitis most frequently involves the cervical lymph nodes (Figure 4 & 5) followed in frequency by mediastinal, axillary, mesenteric, hepatic portal, perihepatic and inguinal lymph nodes. [11,12,13,14] Extra pulmonary TB incidence had been reported increase in recent years including the subset of lymphadenopathy in keeping with this rare report of an separated axillary lymphadenopathy [2,5]. Extra pulmonary TB including lymphadenopathy TB being more common, tuberculous lymphadenopathy Axillary tuberculous lymphadenopathy is rare, presents a problem of differential diagnosis with breast carcinoma, and has a major prevalence between 20-50 years old, which was in keeping with our patient aged 45 years [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Cervical lymph nodes constitute the most common site of involvement with axillary nodes affected in 3. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].3% of tuberculous lymphadenitis [1,2]. Isolated axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis is rare and described in patients without previous or active pulmonary TB and no evidence of the origin of TB detected elsewhere [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separated Axillary Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: A Case Report

Al-Hakkak¹

2017

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Tuberculosis (TB) still accounts for a high burden disease. It has been estimated that one third of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the most residing in developing countries. Separated axillary tuberculous lymphadenopathy is rare and described in patients without proof of previous or outstanding tuberculosis anywhere in the body. TB was supposed to be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with axillary lymphadenopathy, especially in the endemic areas of Tuberculosis. Ultrasonography features of the axillary lymph node in our patient were not as helpful in diagnosis as the biopsy of the lymph node. Axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosis depends on the complete pathological examination. It remains both diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because it mimics other pathologic processes and yields inconsistent physical and laboratory findings. Diagnosis is difficult often requiring biopsy.

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“…27 It presents most commonly in the cervical lymph nodes, followed by the mediastinal and axillary nodes. 34,35 A typical presenting symptom is long-term, unilateral, nontender lymphadenopathy; systemic symptoms are often absent. 36 On examination, the node is typically matted and adherent to surrounding structures.…”

Section: Pulmonary Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Concepts in the Management of Tuberculosis

Sia

Wieland

2011

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

159

108

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E ffective medical therapy for tuberculosis (TB) has existed for more than half a century, yet TB remains among the most pressing public health issues of our day. Tuberculosis is, in part, a disease of poverty. 1 The fact that it remains the eighth leading cause of death in the world speaks to the challenges facing practitioners and public health officials as they try to control a disease that is so entwined in the cultural and economic fabric of society. Challenges to effective solutions include lack of access to diagnosis and treatment, the frequent coexistence of epidemics of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the Tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious threat to public health throughout the world but disproportionately afflicts low-income nations. Persons in close contact with a patient with active pulmonary TB and those from endemic regions of the world are at highest risk of primary infection, whereas patients with compromised immune systems are at highest risk of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Tuberculosis can affect any organ system. Clinical manifestations vary accordingly but often include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Positive results on either a tuberculin skin test or an interferon-γ release assay in the absence of active TB establish a diagnosis of LTBI. A combination of epidemiological, clinical, radiographic, microbiological, and histopathologic features is used to establish the diagnosis of active TB. Patients with suspected active pulmonary TB should submit 3 sputum specimens for acidfast bacilli smears and culture, with nucleic acid amplification testing performed on at least 1 specimen. For patients with LTBI, treatment with isoniazid for 9 months is preferred. Patients with active TB should be treated with multiple agents to achieve bacterial clearance, to reduce the risk of transmission, and to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. Directly observed therapy is recommended for the treatment of active TB. Health care professionals should collaborate, when possible, with local and state public health departments to care for patients with TB. Patients with drug-resistant TB or coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus should be treated in collaboration with TB specialists. Public health measures to prevent the spread of TB include appropriate respiratory isolation of patients with active pulmonary TB, contact investigation, and reduction of the LTBI burden. Proc. 2011;86(4):348-361 AFB = acid-fast bacilli; BCG = bacille Calmette-Guérin; CFP-10 = culture filtrate protein 10; DOT = directly observed therapy; EMB = ethambutol; ESAT-6 = early-secreted antigenic target 6; HIV = human immuno deficiency virus; IFN-γ = interferon-γ; IGRA = IFN-γ release assay; INH = isoniazid; LTBI = latent TBI; MDR-TB = multidrug-resistant TB; NAA = nucleic acid amplification; PZA = pyrazinamide; RIF = rifampin; TB = tuberculosis; TBI = TB infection; TST = tuberculin skin test; XDR-TB = extensively drug-resistant TB Mayo Clin

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Assessment of Lymph Node Tuberculosis in Northern Germany

Cited by 145 publications

References 24 publications

Tuberculosis: a study of 111 cases in an area of high prevalence in the extreme south of Brazil

Tuberculosis: a study of 111 cases in an area of high prevalence in the extreme south of Brazil

Separated Axillary Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: A Case Report

Current Concepts in the Management of Tuberculosis

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