Assessment of Household Disposal of Pharmaceuticals in Lebanon: Management Options to Protect Water Quality and Public Health

Massoud, May A.; Chami, Ghida; Al‐Hindi, Mahmoud; Alameddine, Ibrahim

doi:10.1007/s00267-016-0666-6

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Results found by other authors differ from the presented results and are largely discrepant with each other. A study showed that only 2.8% of Pharmacy students returned medications to health institution (28), similar results described in Lebanon with the general population, where 3.6%, 1.5% and 0.7% of the studied population related to return solids, liquids and creams medications, respectively, to the pharmacy (36). However, Piveta and cols (2015) showed that approximately 37% of Pharmacy students discarded the pharmaceutical residues correctly (27).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Drug Disposal: Knowledge and Practice Among Pharmacy Students in Brazil

Viana

Magalhães

Santos

2019

Infarma

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Little is known about the knowledge of pharmacy students about the correct ways for drug disposal. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of the pharmacy students about drug disposal. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with questionnaire application to 182 pharmacy students in Brazil between October and November of 2016. Data analyzes of the categorical variables were performed using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test (X2) was used to evaluate the possible differences in the frequency between the form of medication discard according to dichotomous variables. Sixty-four point eight percent of the students reported discarding the drugs incorrectly, being that 48.8% do it in the household garbage. About 32% of the interviewers believed that the dispensation of the medicines beyond the exact amount for treatment is the main reason for the leftover. The chi-square test showed a higher correct disposal index from the 6th to the 10th period compared to the 1st to the 5th and according to previous guidance. Sixty-seven point six percent considered incorrect your way of drug disposal, 63.7% suggested the special collection as the correct destination and 84.6% reported knowing the consequences of improper disposal. This study showed that the majority of pharmacy students discards the overdue and/or unused drugs in an environmentally inadequate manner, but the correct disposal is more significant with the advance of the course period.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Drug Disposal: Knowledge and Practice Among Pharmacy Students in Brazil

Viana

Magalhães

Santos

2019

Infarma

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“…A survey conducted in the Beirut area showed that less than 5 % of the public return unwanted medications to pharmacies [35]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household medical waste disposal policy in Israel

Barnett-Itzhaki

Berman

Grotto

et al. 2016

Isr J Health Policy Res

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BackgroundLarge amounts of expired and unused medications accumulate in households. This potentially exposes the public to hazards due to uncontrolled use of medications. Most of the expired or unused medications that accumulate in households (household medical waste) is thrown to the garbage or flushed down to the sewage, potentially contaminating waste-water, water resources and even drinking water. There is evidence that pharmaceutical active ingredients reach the environment, including food, however the risk to public health from low level exposure to pharmaceuticals in the environment is currently unknown. In Israel, there is no legislation regarding household medical waste collection and disposal. Furthermore, only less than 14 % of Israelis return unused medications to Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) pharmacies.MethodsIn this study, we investigated world-wide approaches and programs for household medical waste collection and disposal.ResultsIn many countries around the world there are programs for household medical waste collection. In many countries there is legislation to address the issue of household medical waste, and this waste is collected in hospitals, clinics, law enforcement agencies and pharmacies. Furthermore, in many countries, medication producers and pharmacies pay for the collection and destruction of household medical waste, following the “polluter pays” principle.ConclusionsSeveral approaches and methods should be considered in Israel: (a) legislation and regulation to enable a variety of institutes to collect household medical waste (b) implementing the “polluter pays” principle and enforcing medical products manufactures to pay for the collection and destruction of household medical waste. (c) Raising awareness of patients, pharmacists, and other medical health providers regarding the health and environmental risks in accumulation of drugs and throwing them to the garbage, sink or toilet. (d) Adding specific instructions regarding disposal of the drug, in the medication label and leaflet. (e) Examining incentives for returning medications to pharmacies. (f) Examining drug collection from deceased in retirement homes and hospitals.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13584-016-0108-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In view of the direct supply chain flow, there is the management of the product from the manufacturer to the consumer. In reverse logistics, the reverse flow of consumer end-of-life (EOL) products to the manufacturer is sustained by collaborative and coordinated actions (Dhanda and Hill, 2005;Massoud et al, 2016;Pero et al, 2017).…”

Section: Theoretical Review and Hypotheses Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of collaboration and IT competency on reverse logistics competency - Evidence from Brazilian supply chain executives

Campos

Paula

Caten

et al. 2020

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

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Business models have being designed, worldwide, to create sustainability competencies and in particular to incorporate reverse logistics, but Brazilian executives have not yet fully adhered to Law 12,305 on solid waste and reverse logistics. What would be the Brazilian executives' perception about reverse logistics competency and the support provided by a collaborative and IT competency? The objective of the paper is to investigate the effects of collaboration and IT competency in developing reverse logistics competency, as a strategy, and its consequences in economic and environmental performance. A survey was performed with 320 Brazilian supply chain executives and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The models demonstrated that collaboration has a direct positive influence on the development of reverse logistics competency, by executives' point of view. The moderation effect between collaboration and IT competency for reverse logistics was not confirmed, since it was adopted a strategic view of reverse logistics. Therefore, despite there was not a moderation effect, IT presented a lower direct effect on reverse logistics competency. Results reinforce that organizations that develop reverse logistics competency tend to improve their economic and environmental performances.

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Assessment of Household Disposal of Pharmaceuticals in Lebanon: Management Options to Protect Water Quality and Public Health

Cited by 42 publications

References 44 publications

Drug Disposal: Knowledge and Practice Among Pharmacy Students in Brazil

Drug Disposal: Knowledge and Practice Among Pharmacy Students in Brazil

Household medical waste disposal policy in Israel

The effect of collaboration and IT competency on reverse logistics competency - Evidence from Brazilian supply chain executives

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