Assessment of heavy metals phytotoxicity using seed germination and root elongation tests: A comparison of two growth substrates

Salvatore, M. Di; Carafa, A. M.; Carratù, G.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.061

Cited by 219 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Root and shoot growth is frequently more sensitive than seed germination to chemical toxicity (Wang et al 2002;Wang and Zhou 2005;Di Salvatore et al 2008). In the present study, root elongation did not vary with the different tests, differing to other reports (Wang et al 2002;Wang and Zhou 2005;Di Salvatore et al 2008). This may be due to: firstly, the substrates used differed, as we used quartz sand Expected inhibition (C exp ) and the ratio of inhibition (RI) were calculated according to Abott's formula.…”

Section: Toxic Effect Of Mclr Las and Their Combination On Germinaticontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…This may be explained as follows: the seed coat is a barrier between the embryo and its immediate environment (Di Salvatore et al 2008), protecting it against toxicity of MCLR, LAS and their mixture. Root and shoot growth is frequently more sensitive than seed germination to chemical toxicity (Wang et al 2002;Wang and Zhou 2005;Di Salvatore et al 2008). In the present study, root elongation did not vary with the different tests, differing to other reports (Wang et al 2002;Wang and Zhou 2005;Di Salvatore et al 2008).…”

Section: Toxic Effect Of Mclr Las and Their Combination On Germinatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was chosen as the target testing plant, since it is a common crop internationally, and is commonly used for the seed germination and shoot/root elongation test, as recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD 1984). The seed germination and root/shoot elongation test has been widely used to assess toxicity of soil pollutants (Wang et al 2002;Wang and Zhou 2005;Di Salvatore et al 2008). These bioassays have several advantages over other tests and are suitable as a stand-by method and for rapid evaluation of ecological risks of xenobiotics (Wang et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of microcystin-LR, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and their mixture on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds and seedlings

et al. 2011

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Microcystin-LR (MCLR) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) are present widely in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but their combined ecotoxicological risk is unknown. This study investigated the toxic effects of MCLR, LAS and their mixture on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and evaluated MCLR accumulation level in lettuce with or without LAS. The changes in seed germination and shoot/ root growth, responses of the antioxidative defense system, and the accumulation of MCLR in lettuce were tested to evaluate the single and combined toxic effect of MCLR and LAS in well-controlled conditions. The results showed that seedling growth (except for root elongation and leaf weight) was more sensitive to toxicant exposure than seed germination. For seedling leaves, lipid peroxidation was not observed when the antioxidative defense system (including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione) was activated to relieve the adverse effects of oxidative stress via different pathways. Our results also confirmed that the interaction between MCLR and LAS was synergistic. Both toxicants in combination not only significantly inhibited seedling growth, but also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the contents of glutathione. Furthermore, LAS dramatically enhanced the accumulation of MCLR in the plant, thus leading to a reduction in quality and yield and posing greater potential risk to humans via consumption of these edible plants.

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Section: Toxic Effect Of Mclr Las and Their Combination On Germinaticontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Toxic Effect Of Mclr Las and Their Combination On Germinatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of microcystin-LR, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and their mixture on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds and seedlings

et al. 2011

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“…Additionally, the oat (Avena sativa) was chosen which is also used in biological tests (Forester et al 2009). The third chosen specie was tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) which is not only a popular vegetable plant but is also used to estimate different solutions toxicity (Salvatore et al 2008). Lepidium sativum was the least sensitive to different pollutants than other plant species (Czerniawska-Kusza et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of platinum ions on the germination and seedling root growth of diff erent plant species

Kołton¹,

Czaja²

2014

geol

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Abstract:For several decades an increase of platinum in the environment was recorded. This is connected with the release of platinum from automobile catalytic converters and pharmaceutical industries. In the conducted experiments the effect of various forms and concentrations of platinum on the germination and roots growth of different plants (oat, garden cress and tomato) was investigated. Two separate experiments were performed with lower (experiment 1 st : 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) and higher (experiment 2 nd : 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ](NO 3 ) 2 or PtCl 4 dosages.There was no significant effect of dose and form of platinum on the germination of seeds (experiment 1 st and 2 nd ). The effect of platinum containing substances dose on root growth of young seedlings was observed during experiment, dependent on the species of tested plants.The root length of oat plants was similar in all treatments in experiment 1 st . The shortest tomato roots were observed in the case of a 10 mg/L of PtCl 4 , it was statistically shorter than the control plants (treated with water) as well. The roots of the tomato treated with [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ](NO 3 ) 2 were the same length as observed for the control sample. The garden cress root growth was not affected by [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ](NO 3 ) 2 , but a solution containing Pt 4+ stimulated the root growth.The roots of tomato and oat treated with [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ](NO 3 ) 2 had similar length as the control plants in contrast to the far shorter roots treated with PtCl 4 (experiment 2 nd ). Moreover, the treatment with [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ](NO 3 ) 2 stimulated the growth of garden cress roots compared to the control, while only the lowest dose of PtCl 4 stimulated the root growth.

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“…Germination tests serve as a preliminary parameter to seedlings development in exposure to trace elements (Di Salvatore et al, 2008). Thus, the experiment was conducted in a second step to evaluate these conditions.…”

Section: Germination Test In the Presence Of CD Cu And Pbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination and initial development of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens on exposure to cadmium, lead and copper

et al. 2016

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-The objective was to evaluate the germination and initial development of three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens in the presence of trace elements of Cd, Pb and Cu and quantify the Cd and Cu contents in plant tissue of these species. First, seed germination occurred in towel paper containing cadmium, lead, copper and the control. We calculated the percentage of germination, germination speed index, vigor index and seedling length. Later, the seeds were germinated in soil pots contaminated with Cd and Cu, where the Soil-Plant Analysis Development index (SPAD index) was evaluated, as well as dry matter of shoot and root, and the Cd and Cu metal content in plant tissue was quantified. B. decumbens showed sensitivity to the elements studied, with decreases in all parameters. Cu was the element that caused more toxic effects on germination and early seedling development of the species studied. In contaminated soil, the species studied showed no differences in dry matter production of shoots, but the exposure to Cd and Cu caused reductions in SPAD index in all species. The highest Cd and Cu contents were found in the roots.

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Assessment of heavy metals phytotoxicity using seed germination and root elongation tests: A comparison of two growth substrates

Cited by 219 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of microcystin-LR, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and their mixture on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds and seedlings

Effects of microcystin-LR, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and their mixture on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds and seedlings

Influence of platinum ions on the germination and seedling root growth of diff erent plant species

Germination and initial development of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens on exposure to cadmium, lead and copper

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