Assessment of heavy metals mobility and correlative recovery and decontamination from MSWI fly ash: Mechanism and hydrometallurgical process evaluation

Waste-to-Energy Bottom Ash Management Copper Recovery by Electrowinning

“…Additionally, it is estimated that the total amount of valuable metals, such as zinc, copper and gold, in the bottom ashes of the European incinerators could account for more than 600 million euro per year. For this reason, great concern about the potential loss of value-added resources in incinerator ash has been growing in recent years, which has promoted the treatment of such waste for metal recovery [12][13][14].…”