Assessment of heavy metals and metalloids in tissues of two frog species: Rana tigrina and Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis from industrial city Sialkot, Pakistan

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the concentrations of Ni, Fe, Pb, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Cr in selected body tissues (liver, stomach, kidney, heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles) of two frog species: Rana tigrina and Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis captured from industrial wastewater of Sialkot city known worldwide for its tanning industry. The both frog species had darker appearance, distinctively different wet body weight, and snout-vent length. The results revealed that the heavy metal concentrations were high in the samples collected from industrial sites as compared to non-industrial sites. The different tissues of R. tigrina and E. cyanophlyctis exhibited little significant differences from two sites. The concentrations of heavy metals were more in tissues of R. tigrina as compared to E. cyanophlyctis. Mean concentration of Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Cr was comparatively greater in R. tigrina, whereas Pb and Co were higher in E. cyanophlyctis. The concentration of Cu and Cd in the liver and kidney were relatively more in both species as compared to other organs. Further, the results indicated that frogs collected from industrial sites showed decreased body length and weight, and greater metal accumulation. The results will help the authorities for the conservation of these frog species which are under the influence of heavy metal contamination.

Determination of Heavy Metals in <i>Hoplobatrachus occipitalis</i> (Crowned Bullfrogs) and Water from Some Reservoirs in Kadawa Irrigation Project Kano, Nigeria

“…All the heavy metals studied accumulated more in the lung and liver. This agreed with the finding of Bawuro (2018) who recorded more heavy metals in the lung of fish and Qureshi et al, (2015) who recorded more metals in the liver of frogs. Lung accumulated more heavy metals likely because of its prominent function in gaseous exchange (Singh et al, 2011).…”

“…High accumulation of Zn in all the organs/parts of frogs may be due to the specific adaptive mechanism of the frogs to absorb Zn from the habitat for onward transfer to kidney for metabolism. It may also be from agro-chemicals (fungicides) used in the farms as reported by Qureshi et al, (2015). This is in line with the finding of Taiwo et al, (2014) who recorded high concentration of Zn in tissue of H. occipitalis.…”

“…Copper was recorded more in liver with mean value of 1.21 mg/kg and less in muscle with a value of 0.07 mg/kg. Qureshi et al, (2015) also reported high level of Cu in Rana tigrina in Pakistan. Organ/parts accumulation pattern of Cu was: liver > lung > trunk > leg > muscle which is also in concordance with the findings of Amuzie and Daka (2018) who reported the similar pattern of Cu accumulation (liver > lung > gut > muscle).…”

Trace element bioaccumulation and health risk assessment derived from leg consumption of the marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)

“…Table 1 shows the THQ values derived using trace element concentrations, reference dosage, and daily average frog leg eating. THQ levels detected were below the limit value of 1, indicating that trace elements from P. Mani et al, 2021Zhelev et al, 2020Tyokumbur and Okorie, 2011Qureshi et al, 2015 ridibundus' leg may not have harmful health impacts on humans when consumed regularly. These risk calculations were made entirely according to the raw material results.…”

The morphometric and erythrometric analyses of Pelophylax ridibundus living in anthropogenic pollution resources

“…Similar results were obtained from other studies. In a study that was carried out by Qureshi et al (2015), high levels of Cu and Cd concentrations were detected in the liver and kidney of Rana tigrina and Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis frogs inhabiting in a water source polluted industrial wastes in Sialkot District (Pakistan). In another study, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd metals were detected in the livers, skin, and digestive systems of Rana esculenta living in the Guma River Wetland (in Nigeria), and it was reported that Cd, Cu, and Zn exceeded the limits set by the WHO (Shaapera et al, 2013).…”