Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Vegetables Dried Along Funtua-Danja Highway Katsina State, Nigeria

Rabiu, Nasiru; Garba, Nuraddeen Nasiru; Kankara, Jamila Musa; Kankara, U. M.

doi:10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-591

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These toxic metal ions are present in a concentration above the maximum contamination level and others are present in concentrations lower than the maximum contamination level. THQ value <1 indicates the acceptable health risk to human populations (WHO, 2017;Kamkara et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) Analysis of Heavy Metals and Health Risks Assessment of some Common Energy Drinks

Bunu

Ebeshi

Kpun

et al. 2023

Pharmacol Toxicol Nat Med

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Background and Purpose: Soft drinks are commonly consumed globally. Due to high demand, regulatory protocols may be breached thereby leading to contamination with heavy metals. In this study, we determined the content of five heavy metals in some Nigerian soft drinks and estimated their potential health risks. Methods: Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine the concentrations of magnesium, aluminum, lead, arsenic, and zinc. Twelve (12) soft drinks (labeled B1–B12) were used. After the AAS, parameters such as target health quotient (THQ), average daily intake (EDI), and chronic daily intake (CDI) were evaluated. Results: The level of arsenic found in all soft drinks ranged from 0.001-0.0603 mg/L, as against the 0.01 mg/L maximum contaminant level (MCL) standard. Lead was 0.001-0.023mg/L (MCL is 0.01 mg/L) and within the MCL except in one sample (0.023 mg/L). Aluminum levels ranged from 0.001-2.0491 mg/L except in one sample (0.001 mg/L) and the WHO limit is 0.02 mg/L. The concentration range for magnesium was 0.6954-2.4341 mg/L versus the standard limit of 0.02 mg/L. The THQ values of aluminum were significantly different from the values of other heavy metals. The order of abundance of the metals was: Mg > Zn > Al > Pb > As. Arsenic and lead were found in relatively small concentrations compared to the other metals. The THQ value of aluminum in most of the samples was higher than normal. Conclusion: The concentration of magnesium was above the acceptable limits in all the soft drinks. All the heavy metals, except aluminum, were within acceptable THQ limits. The high values of magnesium and aluminum underscores the need for quality control measures during production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) Analysis of Heavy Metals and Health Risks Assessment of some Common Energy Drinks

Bunu

Ebeshi

Kpun

et al. 2023

Pharmacol Toxicol Nat Med

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“…Because of the perishable nature of these vegetables and the lack of mechanized farming, local farmers in Northern Nigeria widely used open sun drying as the means of preservation. Open sun drying of vegetables and agricultural products has been widely practiced in the world for ages and is by far the most common means of preservation of farm produce (Kankara et al, 2021). Though the drying technique differs in different locality and for different commodity, the customary technique of open sun drying involves spreading the material 88 to be dried on a thin layer on ground/mats or plastic sheet and exposing it to sun and wind (And and Barrett, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though the drying technique differs in different locality and for different commodity, the customary technique of open sun drying involves spreading the material 88 to be dried on a thin layer on ground/mats or plastic sheet and exposing it to sun and wind (And and Barrett, 2006). The process of drying vegetables and other foodstuffs locally by open sun drying and especially along the roadside may lead to the contamination of the dried items by heavy metals or airborne radioactive elements (Kankara et al, 2021). The aim of this research is to assess the radiological contamination on vegetables dried along major highways in Northern Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological Health Risk Assessment of Vegetables Dried Along Major Highways in Northwestern Nigeria

Kankara,

Nasiru,

Garba

et al. 2024

FJS

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The ever presence of radionuclides in the environment made necessary the continuous assessment of health risks posed by these elements. Dried samples of five (5) commonly consumed vegetables were obtained from 4 different highway roads across the seven states of the North-Western geopolitical region of Nigeria and the concentrations of Naturally occurring radionuclides ( 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K) were determined using NaI (Tl) gamma spectrometry. Health risk to humans due to the consumption of the radionuclides in the studied vegetables was assessed by estimating the daily intake of the radionuclides and cancer risks associated with the radionuclides. The mean annual effective dose for the four highways due to ingestion of radionuclides were found to be 184 μSv y -1 , 174 μSv y -1 , 197 μSv y -1 and 178 μSv y -1 for H1, H2, H3 and H4 respectively. The respective cancer risks factors for these highways were estimated as 9.2 × 10 -6 , 8.7 × 10 -6 , 9.8 × 10 -6 and 8.9 ×10 -6 all of which were lower than the world average of 4.5 × 10 −3 respectively. The results further showed the associated health risk due to the ingestion of the samples is very low.

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“…A. 2010, Kankara 2021, Massadeh 2016). These body metabolisms will surely relieve conditions for some of the ailments for which Newbouldia laevis is reported to cure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Essential Trace Metals on the Therapeutic Efficacy of the Leaves of Newbouldia Laevis

Mohammed¹,

Musa²,

Ismail³

et al. 2023

FJS

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Trace elements are essential and play basic roles in a variety of processes essential for life. Their deficiency poses a serious problem that can affect the normal functioning of the immune system, especially in viral respiratory infections. Zinc and Copper are among the possible supportive treatments for COVID-19 infection due to their impact on the antiviral. Despite the increased use of the leaves of Newbouldia laevis for the treatment of a number of several diseases, the chemotherapeutic role of the inorganic constituents is still not clear. In this study fresh leaves samples of Newbouldia laevis were collected and prepared using 50 ml of a triacid mixture of HNO3, HClO4, and H2SO4 in the ratio of 25:4:2 respectively. The solution was then transferred into a 50 ml volumetric flask and made up to mark with distilled water. The levels of magnesium, iron, zinc, cobalt and copper were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Concentrations of Zn were obtained and lie between 1.5306 to 1.5641 μg/g, and were found to be uniformly distributed in the five sampling sites. In addition, high concentrations of Fe in these leaves indicated the enhanced absorption of mineral iron and larger cryptoporosity, which implies retention and mobility of hydrophobic organic compounds. No risk to the consumers because the mean concentrations were below the permissible limit recommended by the health authority. The presence of trace elements could support the claims for the use of this plant to cure some of the reported ailments.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Vegetables Dried Along Funtua-Danja Highway Katsina State, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) Analysis of Heavy Metals and Health Risks Assessment of some Common Energy Drinks

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) Analysis of Heavy Metals and Health Risks Assessment of some Common Energy Drinks

Radiological Health Risk Assessment of Vegetables Dried Along Major Highways in Northwestern Nigeria

Evaluation of Essential Trace Metals on the Therapeutic Efficacy of the Leaves of Newbouldia Laevis

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