Assessment of groundwater–surface water interaction using long-term hydrochemical data and isotope hydrology: Headwaters of the Condamine River, Southeast Queensland, Australia

Studies on Isotope Ratio Measurement of Cl by Inductively Coupled Plasma Triple-quad Mass Spectrometry

“…Isotope ratio measurement of elements is well recognized to be increasingly widespread use in disciplines such as bioavailability studies using stable isotope tracers, [1][2][3][4][5][6] isotope abundance measurements in nuclear chemistry, 6-10 the determination of isotope variations in geological, environmental and cosmic samples including age determinations, 3,4,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] food authenticity, 3,4,20 or forensic science. 3,4,21,22 Isotope ratio measurement is also important for the production of accurate analytical results in trace element determinations by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS).…”

“…3,4,21,22 Isotope ratio measurement is also important for the production of accurate analytical results in trace element determinations by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Isotope ratio measurements have traditionally been carried out by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) 3,12,13,20,22 and by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). 4,8,14,20 Disciplines of IRMS are the ability to accurately and precisely measure variations in the abundance of isotope ratios of light elements such as H, C, N, O and S. On the other hand, TIMS can cover the whole range of elements from Li to U except for the gaseous elements measured by IRMS.…”

Combination of CFCs and stable isotopes to characterize the mechanism of groundwater–surface water interactions in a headwater basin of the North China Plain

“…Headwater catchments are often important recharge areas for groundwater systems due to relatively deep water tables, while streams typically receive greater amounts of groundwater discharge in the lower parts of their catchments, where topographic relief is less and groundwater flow paths converge (Tóth, ). Additionally, they are critical areas to protect as they are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic contamination, due to their low storage capacity and fast flow rates and because contamination of these areas leads to downstream/down gradient impacts (Martinez, Raiber, & Cox, ; Thyne, Güler, & Poeter, ). Many of the streams in mountainous areas are perennial and gaining where transit times are commonly years to decades, implying that the rivers are fed by long‐term stores of water (Winter, 1998; Rademacher, Clark, Clow, & Hudson, ; Westbrook, Cooper, & Baker, ; Stewart, Morgenstern, & McDonnel, ; Rumsey et al, ).…”

“…Many of the streams in mountainous areas are perennial and gaining where transit times are commonly years to decades, implying that the rivers are fed by long‐term stores of water (Winter, 1998; Rademacher, Clark, Clow, & Hudson, ; Westbrook, Cooper, & Baker, ; Stewart, Morgenstern, & McDonnel, ; Rumsey et al, ). Groundwater–surface water interaction may be influenced by many factors, including topography, hydrogeology, land use, groundwater and surface water extraction, and climatic conditions (Martinez et al, ; Yu, Cartwright, Braden, & De Bree, ). Studies often fail to consider how individual river reaches function in the context of the entire regional river system (comprising multiple river reaches; Banks et al, ).…”

The influence of lithology on surface water sources

“…Although several studies have investigated variations in stream water source and surface water–groundwater interactions within small (<240 km 2 ) (Blumstock, Tetzlaff, Malcolm, Nuetzmann, & Soulsby, ; McGuire et al, ; Mountain et al, ; Pu et al, ; Rodgers, Soulsby, & Waldron, ; Rose, ; Singh et al, ; Soulsby, Malcolm, Helliwell, Ferrier, & Jenkins, ) or large (>12,000 km 2 ) river basins (Brooks et al, ; Koeniger, Leibundgut, & Stichler, ; Martinelli, Gat, De Camargo, Lara, & Ometto, ; Négrel, Petelet‐Giraud, & Millot, ; Wang et al, ), few have simultaneously incorporated a spatially extensive focus with high‐sampling frequency on headwater catchments, large tributaries, and mainstem sites at the mesoscale (Jeelani, Saravana Kumar, & Kumar, ; Ogrinc, Kanduč, Stichler, & Vreča, ; Speed, Tetzlaff, Hrachowitz, & Soulsby, ). Many investigations into streamwater source variability conducted within mesoscale basins incorporate only on short duration isotopic sampling (Martinez, Raiber, & Cox, ; Séguis et al, ; Tetzlaff, Uhlenbrook, Eppert, & Soulsby, ) or focus only on major tributaries and river mainstems (Pereira et al, ; Rugel, Golladay, Jackson, & Rasmussen, ; Scholl et al, ). In these complex systems, coupling extensive (in space) with frequent (in time) water sampling during at least an entire year would provide information about regional controls on the spatial and temporal variability of water sources relevant to management.…”