Assessment of groundwater recharge processes through karst vadose zone by cave percolation monitoring

Poulain, Amaël; Watlet, Arnaud; Kaufmann, Olivier; Camp, Michel Van; Jourde, Hervé; Mazzilli, Naomi; Rochez, Gaëtan; Deleu, Romain; Quinif, Yves; Hallet, Vincent

doi:10.1002/hyp.13138

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…The KarstMod model has been successfully applied to the Norville chalk aquifer [33], Dardenne's spring [34] and Fontaine de Vaucluse [28]. Also, it constitutes a valuable tool for hydrodynamic analysis in a context of intrinsic vulnerability and pollution risk mapping [35] or even for the assessment of the vadose zone contribution in the groundwater recharge [36]. Furthermore, the KarstMod platform (http://www.sokarst.org/) allows high flexibility in karstic groundwater flow modeling with the possibility to include, where appropriate, pumping discharge and loss.…”

Section: Conceptual Reservoir Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Flow Exchanges between Matrix and Conduits in Karstified Watersheds at Multiple Temporal Scales

Sivelle

Labat

Mazzilli

et al. 2019

Water

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The focus of this paper is to investigate the ability to assess the flow exchanges between the matrix and the conduits in two karstified watersheds (Aliou and Baget, Ariège, France) using the KarstMod modeling platform. The modeling is applied using hourly and daily time series. First, the flow dynamics between the conduit and the surrounding matrix are described on a rainfall event scale (i.e., a few days). The model allows us to describe a physical reality concerning the flow reversal between matrix and conduit when there is a significant rainfall event. Then, the long-term trends (i.e., inter-annual) in the matrix water level are evidenced using the moving average over shifting horizon method (MASH). The mean water level in the matrix dropped about 10% to 15% since the late 1960s. Also, the matrix recharge has been delayed from February in the late 1960s to April since the 1990s. Moreover, the contribution of the matrix in the total spring flow is estimated though mass balance. It is estimated that the annual matrix contribution in the total spring flow is about 3% and it can increase to up to 25% during periods with low rainfall.

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Section: Conceptual Reservoir Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Flow Exchanges between Matrix and Conduits in Karstified Watersheds at Multiple Temporal Scales

Sivelle

Labat

Mazzilli

et al. 2019

Water

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“…For a long time, the transmission zone was considered to be only a transfer layer between the epikarst and the saturated karst. The main reason is the limited ability of researchers to access the diverse flows, which limits direct investigation to stalactite drips (Poulain et al 2018;Benton and Doctor 2018) and channelled flows (Gabrovšek et al 2018) in penetrable caves. The unsaturated zone plays a key role in the karst aquifer dynamics, although its function with respect to transfer and storage is still poorly understood (Carriere et al 2016;Emblanch et al 2003;Mudarra and Andreo 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst flow processes explored through analysis of long-term unsaturated-zone discharge hydrochemistry: a 10-year study in Rustrel, France

et al. 2019

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The unsaturated zone of karst aquifers influences the dynamics and the chemistry of water. Because of a lack of direct access, other than via caves, flows in the aquifer matrix and the smallest conduits remain poorly characterized. The few artificial underground structures in the unsaturated karst provide a rare opportunity to study the variety of flow processes. At the low noise underground research laboratory (Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit, LSBB) in Rustrel (France), 12 variables (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, major anions and cations, total organic carbon) have been monitored on 12 perennial or temporary flows and leakages over a 10-year period covering contrasting climatic periods. This unique dataset of 1,135 samples has been used to discriminate, identify, and rank the processes associated with the hydrochemical variability of these different types of flows. A principal component analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis, using mean values and standard deviation of the flow along the principal components, were performed. The results indicate that seasonal variability, mean water residence time, and the depth of acquisition of the chemical characteristics are the main factors of the variability of chemistry at the monitored flow points. Distinguished clusters highlight the great diversity of flows and processes occurring in the fine pathways that may be neighboring the large and structured fractures and conduits. Long-term monitoring with various climatic conditions appears to be a useful tool for assessing this diversity.

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“…For example, continuous measurements of the level and temperature of water in the epiphreatic zone have provided valuable information about hydraulic functioning of the karst systems (Gabrovšek, Peric, & Kaufmann, ; Prelovšek, Turk, & Gabrovšek, ). Measurements of physico‐chemical properties of water in the vadose zone have provided direct insight into the infiltration mechanisms, function of the epikarst zone, and flow dynamics across the fractured rock mass above the monitoring location (e.g., Kogovšek, ; Partin et al, ; Perrin, Jeannin, & Zwahlen, , ; Poulain et al, ; Williams, ). Temperature measurements along the vertical cave profiles have revealed properties of thermal dynamics within karst systems (Badino, ; Covington & Perne, ; Ersek, Onac, & Perșoiu, ; Luetscher & Jeannin, ; Luetscher, Lismonde, & Jeannin, ; Paar et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and air dynamics within a deep vadose zone of a karst massif: Observations from the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system (−1,431 m) in Dinaric karst (Croatia)

Stroj

Paar

2018

Hydrological Processes

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Extreme heterogeneity of karst systems makes them very challenging to study. Various processes within the system affect its global response, usually measured at karst springs. Research conducted in caves provides a unique opportunity for in situ analysis of separate processes in karst underground. The aim of the present study was to research the water and air dynamics within a deep karst system. Air and water basic physical parameters across the Lukina jama-Trojama cave system (−1,431 m) were continuously monitored during a 1-year period. Recorded hydrograph of the siphon lake at the bottom of the cave was used to interpret the characteristics of an unexplored phreatic/epiphreatic conduit network. Water origin in the siphon was determined based on temperature and electrical conductivity. Air temperature and humidity monitoring revealed a strong inflow of air of sub-zero temperature into the upper portion of the cave during winter. Cave passage morphology was interpreted as the main determinant of air dynamics, which caused ice to accumulate extensively in the upper portions of the cave and caused the temperature on the top of the homothermic zone to be significantly below the mean outside temperature. Air dynamics also lowered the temperature of water flowing through the cave vadose zone and feeding the phreatic zone of the massif. The pronounced temperature difference between the phreatic zone and the top of the homothermic zone probably contributed to the thermal gradient observed in the cave, which is steeper than in ice-free caves in the area. Our results enabled the development of a conceptual model that describes coupling between air and water dynamics in the cave system and its surroundings.

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Assessment of groundwater recharge processes through karst vadose zone by cave percolation monitoring

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

Dynamics of the Flow Exchanges between Matrix and Conduits in Karstified Watersheds at Multiple Temporal Scales

Dynamics of the Flow Exchanges between Matrix and Conduits in Karstified Watersheds at Multiple Temporal Scales

Karst flow processes explored through analysis of long-term unsaturated-zone discharge hydrochemistry: a 10-year study in Rustrel, France

Water and air dynamics within a deep vadose zone of a karst massif: Observations from the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system (−1,431 m) in Dinaric karst (Croatia)

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