Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Tehsil Bah, Agra District (U.P) - A Review

Abstract

Groundwater is an important source for drinking, Agriculture, domestic and industrial purposes and makes about two third of the freshwater resource of the world. The quality and quantity of the groundwater is a serious concern for the India as eighteen percentage of world population live in India and just 4% of world fresh water availability in India. Quality of groundwater is a serious concern for mankind as it is directly linked to human health. Due to the rapid increase in the population in last four decades makes a big challenge to provide quality of water. Industrialization and other manmade activities are also contributing in decline trained of groundwater. The groundwater is being polluted with highly toxic contaminants such as arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, lead and heavy metals. Fluoride and chloride were found as most common contaminants in Agra region. Fluoride and chloride are coming into the groundwater from deep underground rocks bearing fluorine and chlorine. Geological structure of rocks is also responsible for Fluoride and chloride pollution in the groundwater of the region. Major groundwater problems in Agra region are a significant decline in water level, an occurrence of fluoride, saline groundwater in a deeper zone, less groundwater recharge and more surface runoff of monsoon rainfall. The comparison of analyzed ground water samples with the WHO, APHA standards are presented. The study was concluded by over exploitation of groundwater for the drinking, domestic, irrigation purposes and the leaching of industrial wastes and municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the leading emerging sources of contamination of groundwater in Agra region.

Health risk assessment of arsenic and lead contamination in drinking water: A study of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan

“…Vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, infants and the elderly, may be at risk. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and regulate the presence of physicochemical contaminants in drinking water to ensure the protection of public health (Sharma et al 2014).…”