Assessment of groundwater quality of two selected villages of Nawada district of Bihar using water quality index

Abstract

Unplanned discarding of industrial effluent, sewage, domestic and industrial solid waste, unwise use of insecticides, herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizer in agriculture are the major causes of groundwater quality reduction. In the present paper groundwater quality of the two selected village of Rajauli subdivision of Nawada district of Bihar was assessed using water quality index (WQI). The samples were figured out for the parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH), chloride, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and fluoride. All the parameters were found below the standard limits of Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2012) except total hardness (328.1mg/l to 346.6mg/l), calcium (105.3mg/l to 122.6mg/l), magnesium (46.1mg/l to 55.7mg/l) and fluoride (4.8 to 4.9mg/l). Fluoride was observed more than 3 times than the standard permissible limit (1.5mg/l). Water quality index (WQI) was also applied on the obtained data to make it easy to understand. Based on WQI (including the fluoride), all the four sites fall in unfit for drinking category (250.79, 258.78, 281.78, 247.30) and in poor to very poor category (80.23, 88.19, 88.59, 64.60) excluding the fluoride from WQI calculation. Both the values of WQI shows that fluoride alone is not responsible for the degraded quality of water but other high concentration of salts is also responsible.

Spatial mapping of groundwater quality using GIS for Jakham River basin of Southern Rajasthan

“…Groundwater is a very important component of the human life support system and it is required for drinking, household, industrial and agricultural uses (Bhutiani et al, 2021a;Bhutiani et al, 2021b;Ruhela et al, 2021).The groundwater quality is serious matter in arid and semi-arid areas, which is dominated by irrigation practices. Quality of ground water is adversely affected by the diffuse contamination devising from intensive agricultural practices (Bhutiani et al, 2019;Ruhela et al, 2022;Saidi et al, 2009).Groundwater has been a major and consistent source of drinking and irrigation for a wide range of users (Afzali et al, 2014).…”

Characterization of irrigation water quality of groundnut belt of erstwhile Mahbubnagar district of Telangana

“…So, development of irrigation in India has been driven by the paramount imperative of feeding a rapidly increasing population. Water quality is a major concern for humanity because it is directly linked to human welfare, particularly for drinking and agriculture (Tyagi et al, 2020;Ruhela et al, 2021;Bhutiani et al, 2021). The irrigation water quality can be defined based on the concentration and kind of salts and solids dissolved in it (Etteieb et al, 2017).…”

Assessment of water quality using different physicochemical and biological parameters: a case study of Buddha nallah, Punjab, India

“…Water contamination from human waste, agriculture runoffs, and industrial effluent discharges is related to the release of toxic compounds that can stimulate the rapid and excessive growth of microbial pathogens. The risk of contamination increases when waterborne pathogens and nutrients, such as nitrates, phosphorous and nitrogen, are transported from residential, agricultural and industrial areas to natural streams like ponds, lakes, rivers, sea and finally to ocean, causing serious disruption in aquatic biodiversity (Sinha et al, 2016;Ruhela et al, 2021). Assessment of water quality using physicochemical and biological parameters have been studied to protect the biodiversity and to rejuvenate the water resources reported in literature (Jindal and Sharma, 2011;Mavukkandy et al, 2014;Bhutiani et al, 2018;Kaur et al, 2021;Das et al, 2021).…”