Assessment of extraction methods for studying the fractional composition of Cu and Zn in uncontaminated and contaminated soils

Abstract

This study is aimed at elucidating the fractionation of Cu and Zn in Haplic Chernozem and its alteration under the contamination to evaluate the extraction selectivity of different extractants and thus the efficiency of three sequential extraction schemes (Tessier and McLaren five-step and modified BCR three-step methods). General trends in the distribution of Cu and Zn speciations revealed with these three fractionation schemes suggest that they can be applied for the soils and the obtained results can be compared. Low mobility of potentially toxic metals (PTM) in the studied soil is suggested not only by their high content in residual fraction, but also by low contents of exchangeable and carbonate bound fractions (not more than 4-5 % Cu and 5-7 % Zn in the first two fractions). The highest contribution to the absorption and retention of Cu delivered from anthropogenic sources is made by organic matter and sesquioxides (up to 29 %); for Zn, by the nonsilicate Fe and Mn compounds (up to 25 %). However, the pattern of PTM extraction from soils varies during the application of different fractionation methods. The Tessier method is distinguished by a higher extractability relative to organic matter and sesquioxides. Therefore, this method is more informative for the contaminated soils. The McLaren method makes it possible to track the weakly bound species of compounds without the risk of involving other soil components. The BCR method is marked by simplicity of application and, therefore, recommended only for the noncalcic or low-calcic soils.

Vertical Migration of Copper and Zinc Ions in Soils Polluted by Electroplating Sludge

“…The ability of soil to adsorb PTM increases with increasing cation exchange capacity. [ 16,17,33 ] Thus, Gleyic chernozem and Typical heavy black soil, which are characterized by heavy texture and high humus content, have a relatively high cation exchange capacity ( E = 16.3 mol/100 g) (Table 1). However, the adsorbing process is more intensive in Mollic gleyic fluvisol (Figure 1) in comparison with Typical heavy black soil due to the higher content of clay (2.2‒2.4 times more) and humus (1.3 times more) (Table 1).…”

“…In several studies [ 16–21 ] the content of organic matter and soil pH was determined as key factors causing differences in the sorption—desorption of PTMs. For example, potassium humate is known to be an effective stabilizer of metals, although it has an insignificant effect on the reduction of Cu bioavailability.…”

Mechanisms of copper immobilization in Fluvisol after the carbon sorbent applying

“…Recently, various methods of soil cleaning from HMs and preventing their migration into adjacent environments have been developed and tested. In particular, carbon sorbents (for example, activated carbon and biochar), which include the products of thermal treatment of materials of plant and animal origin as well as some industrial wastes are widely used for the immobilization of HMs in soil (Kars and Dengiz, 2020;Burachevskaya et al, 2020). Due to the large specific surface area and high porosity, their introduction into Tatiana Bauer : bauertatyana@mail.ru : 0000-0002-6751-8686 Tatiana Minkina : tminkina@mail.ru : 0000-0003-3022-0883 * Svetlana Sushkova : snsushkova@sfedu.ru : 0000-0003-3470-9627 (Corresponding author) Vishnu Rajput : rajput.vishnu@gmail.com : 0000-0002-6802-4805 Andrei Tereshenko : tereshch1@gmail.com : 0000-0001-5102-6743 Aleksandr Nazarenko : nazarav@ssc-ras.ru : 0000-0001-9684-693X Saglara Mandzhieva : msaglara@mail.ru : 0000-0001-6000-2209 Andrey Sushkov : sushkovandrey1@gmail.com : 0000-0001-9789-3615 e-ISSN : 2147-4249 DOI : https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.785430 soil reduces the bioavailability of pollutants (Houben et al, 2013;Ahmad et al, 2018), toxicity, and accumulation in living organisms (Wang et al, 2020).…”

“…Recently, various methods of soil cleaning from HMs and preventing their migration into adjacent environments have been developed and tested. In particular, carbon sorbents (for example, activated carbon and biochar), which include the products of thermal treatment of materials of plant and animal origin as well as some industrial wastes are widely used for the immobilization of HMs in soil (Kars and Dengiz, 2020;Burachevskaya et al, 2020). Due to the large specific surface area and high porosity, their introduction into soil reduces the bioavailability of pollutants (Houben et al, 2013;Ahmad et al, 2018), toxicity, and accumulation in living organisms (Wang et al, 2020).…”

Vertical And Spatial Distribution Of Major And Trace Elements In Soil Catena At The Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Se Valdai Hills, Russia)

“…When characterizing the conditions of migration and accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs), the analysis of their total content is usually complemented by the fractionation, closely related to mobility which is often estimated in terms of extractability, i.e. the transition of compounds from soil to solution under the action of various reagents (Burachevskaya et al 2020;Shao et al 2020;Sungur et al 2021). The extracted fractions of HMMs are referred to as F1, F2, F3 in order of their recovery from the solid phase, i.e.…”