Assessment of Excess Mortality in Obesity

Bender, Ralf; Trautner, Christoph; Spraul, Maximilian; Berger, Michael

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009365

Cited by 132 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, the impact of some health-risk behaviors on health status is much stronger and clearer than their impact on mortality. For example, the impact of being overweight on mortality has not been demonstrated consistently across population-based studies, yet obesity has a strong and significant association with many chronic diseases and debilitating conditions, some of which are not necessarily life threatening (Anonymous, 1998;Bender, Trautner, Spraul & Berger, 1998). The role of individual healthrisk behaviors in explaining socioeconomic disparities may vary across health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic disparities in health change in a longitudinal study of US adults: the role of health-risk behaviors

Lantz

Lynch

House

et al. 2001

Social Science & Medicine

347

196

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This study investigated the hypothesis that socioeconomic differences in health status change can largely be explained by the higher prevalence of individual health-risk behaviors among those of lower socioeconomic position. Data were from the Americans' Changing Lives study, a longitudinal survey of 3617 adults representative of the US noninstitutionalized population in 1986. The authors examined associations between income and education in 1986, and physical functioning and self-rated health in 1994, adjusted for baseline health status, using a multinomial logistic regression framework that considered mortality and survey nonresponse as competing risks. Covariates included age, sex, race, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and Body Mass Index. Both income and education were strong predictors of poor health outcomes. The four health-risk behaviors under study statistically explained only a modest portion of the socioeconomic differences in health at follow-up. For example, after adjustment for baseline health status, those in the lowest income group at baseline had odds of moderate/severe functional impairment in 1994 of 2.11 (95% C.I.: 1.40, 3.20) in an unadjusted model and 1.89 (95% C.I.: 1.23, 2.89) in a model adjusted for health-risk behaviors. The results suggest that the higher prevalence of major health-risk behaviors among those in lower socioeconomic strata is not the dominant mediating mechanism that can explain socioeconomic disparities in health status among US adults. #

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic disparities in health change in a longitudinal study of US adults: the role of health-risk behaviors

Lantz

Lynch

House

et al. 2001

Social Science & Medicine

347

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is a matter of concern because obesity increases risks for many serious and morbid conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipedemia, coronary artery disease and some cancers (Solomon & Manson, 1997). It also increases the risk of death from coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus (Stevens et al, 1998;Bender et al, 1998;Seidell, 1997). At the same time, the report adds that there is limited availability of nationally representative data, particularly about trends, on which to base claims about a rising epidemic (World Health Organization, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in women from developing countries

et al. 2000

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Objectives: The key objective was to estimate obesity ( ! 30 kgam 2 ) in women 15±49 y from developing countries. A second objective was to study how obesity varies by educational level and by residence in urban and rural areas. A third objective was to investigate how national incomes shape the relationship between obesity and eduction or residence. Design: The analyses use cross-sectional data from nationally representative surveys from developing countries carried out in the last decade. Most of the surveys were Demographic Health Surveys (DHS). Data from a survey from the USA are used for comparison. Setting:The 39 surveys used come from 38 developing countries and the USA. Subjects: A total of 147,938 non-pregnant women 15±49 y were included in the analyses. Results: The percentage of obese women was 0.1% in South Asia, 2.5% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 9.6% in Latin America and the Caribbean, 15.4% in Central Eastern EuropeaCommonwealth of Independent States (CEEaCIS), 17.2% in the Middle East and North Africa, and 20.7% in the USA. Levels of obesity in countries increased sharply until a gross national product of US$1500 per capita (1992 values) was reached and changed little thereafter. In very poor countries, such as in Sub-Saharan Africa, obesity levels were greatly concentrated among urban and higher educated women. In more developed countries, such as those in Latin America and the CEEaCIS regions, obesity levels were more equally distributed in the general population. Conclusions: Based on the analyses presented and on a review of the literature, it is concluded that obesity among women is a serious problem in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and the CEEaCIS region. Obesity is less of a concern in Sub-Saharan Africa, China and South Asia. Obesity levels increased over time in most of the limited number of countries with data, but at varying rates. Rising national incomes in developing countries and increased`Westernization' will most likely lead to increased levels of obesity in the future.

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“…Diabetes, a widely known factor contributing to the increased risk of death, appeared to have a significant effect on premature deaths because of an increased level of glucose (≥ 110 mg/dl or controlled with drugs). However, the study carried out in Łódź did not confirm the effect of some factors, which had been previously considered important for the state of health [105][106][107][108][109]. An incriminating anamnesis turned out to be such a determining factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Determinants of premature mortality in a city population: An eight-year observational study concerning subjects aged 18–64

Maniecka-Bryła¹,

Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk²,

Bryła³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Background: Premature deaths constitute 31.1% of all deaths in Łódź. Analysis of the causes of premature deaths may be helpful in the evaluation of health risk factors. Moreover, findings of this study may enhance prophylactic measures. Material and Methods: In 2001, 1857 randomly selected citizens, aged 18-64, were included in the Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention (CINDI) Programme. In 2009, a follow-up study was conducted and information on the subjects of the study was collected concerning their health status and if they continued to live in Łódź. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for evaluation of hazard coefficients. We adjusted our calculations for age and sex. The analysis revealed statistically significant associations between the number of premature deaths of the citizens of Łódź and the following variables: a negative self-evaluation of health -HR = 3.096 (95% CI: 1.729-5.543), poor financial situation -HR = 2.811 (95% CI: 1.183-6.672), occurring in the year preceding the study: coronary pain -HR = 2.754 (95% CI: 1.167-6.494), depression -HR = 2.001 (95% CI: 1.222-3.277) and insomnia -HR = 1.660 (95% CI: 1.029-2.678). Our research study also found a negative influence of smoking on the health status -HR = 2.782 (95% CI: 1.581-4.891). Moreover, we conducted survival analyses according to sex and age with Kaplan-Meier curves. Conclusions: The risk factors leading to premature deaths were found to be highly significant but possible to reduce by modifying lifestyle-related health behaviours. The confirmed determinants of premature mortality indicate a need to spread and intensify prophylactic activities in Poland, which is a post-communist country, in particular, in the field of cardiovascular diseases. Attempts to find reasons of deaths in the first decade of the 21st century may lead to a detailed and long-term research which would focus on determining a wide spectrum of factors contributing to the mortality of Łódź citizens. This in turn, may lead to implementation of a multidimensional prophylaxis which would contribute to improving the state of health of the inhabitants of Łódź as well as other cities and industrial populations, where the population of Łódź may act as a representative. THE AIM OF THE STUDYThe study aimed at listing factors which determine premature mortality of the citizens of Łódź, basing on the results of empirical data the sources of which are multidirectional epidemiological studies. Researchers attempt to identify factors influencing the phenomenon of premature deaths.

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Assessment of Excess Mortality in Obesity

Cited by 132 publications

References 7 publications

Socioeconomic disparities in health change in a longitudinal study of US adults: the role of health-risk behaviors

Socioeconomic disparities in health change in a longitudinal study of US adults: the role of health-risk behaviors

Obesity in women from developing countries

Determinants of premature mortality in a city population: An eight-year observational study concerning subjects aged 18–64

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