Assessment of Duration of Staying Free from Acquiring Rehappening Opportunistic Infections among Pre-ART People Living with HIV/AIDS between 2008 and 2013

Abstract

Introduction. In regional state of the study area, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) prevalence is 2.2% and opportunistic infections (OIs) occurred in 88.9% of pre-ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Even though OIs are prevalent in the study area, duration of staying free from acquiring rehappening opportunistic infections and its determinant factors are not studied. Method. The study was conducted in randomly selected 341 adult Pre-ART PLWHA who are included in chronic HIV care. OI free duration was estimated using the actuarial life table and Kaplan Meier survival. Cox proportional-hazard model was used to calculate hazard rate. Result. OIs were rediagnosed in three quarters (75.37%) participants. In each week the probability of getting new recurrence OI was about 15.04 per 1000 person weeks. The median duration of not acquiring OI recurrence was 54 weeks. After adjustment, variables associated with recurrence were employment status, marital status, exposure for prophylaxis and adherence to it, CD4 count, and hemoglobin value. Conclusion. Giving prophylaxis and counseling to adhere it, rise in CD4 and hemoglobin level, and enhancing job opportunities should be given for PLWHA who are on chronic HIV care while continuing the care.

Factors associated with opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients attending Comprehensive Care Clinic at Mbagathi District Hospital

“…These factors coupled with individual immune status will increase their chances of contracting an opportunistic infection. Even though OIs are prevalent in this study, duration of staying free from acquiring rehappening opportunistic infections and its determinant factors are merely mentioned and state of mind due to factors like divorce can contribute (24). As expected, study results show that those with income below Kshs 5000 were the most affected with OIs.…”

Incidence and predictors of opportunistic infections in adolescents and adults after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy: A 10-year retrospective cohort study in Ethiopia

“…In this study, community-acquired pneumonia (41.5%) was the most common OI, followed by pulmonary tuberculosis (22.2%). In contrast, pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common OI compared to other studies conducted in Ethiopia including St. Hospital, Paul's Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa (43.49%) (41), and Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle (32.3%) (32). The fact that the incidence of tuberculosis was lower just after community-acquired pneumonia may be attributable to the intensified tuberculosis screening program and the provision of IPT, which was more than 80% in this study.…”

“…Compelling evidence supporting the current finding was reported in other studies ( 43 – 46 ). In addition, a retrospective cohort study by Bizuayehu et al revealed that the hazards of OIs were reduced by 69% in adult patients with HIV who took CPT ( 44 ). The Ethiopian ART guideline recommends initiating trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole as the primary prevention of PCP, toxoplasmosis, bacterial infections, malaria, and diarrhea caused by Isospora belli or Cyclospora species.…”

Impact of Stigma on the Quality of Life of Adults With Hiv/Aids: A Systematic Review

“…Segundo, la fase crónica en la que el paciente puede mostrar síntomas como fiebre, tos seca, diarrea, sudoración… (Iglesias Villarán et al, 2015;Rodríguez & Moreno.II, 2017;Sandí & Chan, 2016;Valle et al, 2018). Por último, en caso de que la enfermedad no se trate adecuadamente, puede desembocar en Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida o SIDA caracterizada por presentar cánceres o infecciones oportunistas como la neumonía, la salmonerosis, la candidiasis o la tuberculosis (Bizuayehu et al, 2015;WHO, 2017).…”