Assessment of Drug Use Pattern by Using WHO Core Drug Use Indicators at Public Hospitals in Ethiopia

Mensa, Mende; Tarekegn, Tadesse Tsehay; Ayele, Akililu

doi:10.4172/2161-0711.1000559

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names in DTCSH was found to be 99.9%, which is almost similar to the WHO standard (100%). This result is similar where compared with studies carried out at Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital (98.7%), 3 Lumame Primary Hospital (97.9%), 24 Arba Minch General Hospital (100%), 12 and at selected health facilities in Eastern Ethiopia (97%). 32 But lower results were reported in studies at government and private hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia (89.01%), 7,35 selected hospitals of West Ethiopia (79.2%), 9 and TGCSH (85.78%), 25 and even lower result was reported at Secondary Care Referral Hospitals of South India (42.9%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…3,18,30,31 This result is lower when compared with studies conducted in Eastern Ethiopia, 32 and Arba Minch General Hospital. 12 But this result is higher comparatively with studies conducted at Tibebe-Ghion Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (TGCSH), 25 Dessie Referral Hospital, 33 and two district Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. 34 Keeping the mean number of drugs per encounter as low as possible is always important to reduce the risk of drug–drug interaction, dispensing errors, development of drug resistance, poor knowledge of the dosage regimen, adverse drug reactions, and missing of desired therapeutic outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…10 The inappropriate use of medicines may occur at any of the main stages of the medicines-use cycle (diagnosis, prescribing, dispensing, and patient adherence). 11,12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of prescription completeness, rational drug-use patterns using WHO prescribing, patient-care and facility indicators in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2022

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Objective: Irrational medicine use results in diseases worsening, disability, death, and wastage of limited resources. This study was predominantly aimed to evaluate the rationality of medicine use patterns by assessing prescribing, patient-care, and facility indicators at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital by using World Health Organization core drug use indicators. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted to collect prescribing indicator data from 780 prescriptions retrospectively from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021 at outpatient pharmacy of the hospital and exit interview was held prospectively on 150 patients to evaluate patient-care indicators. In addition, indicators for health-facility were assessed by actual observation of the presence of different guidelines. Descriptive analysis of the collected data was computed using SPSS version 25. Result: Totally, 1521 drugs were prescribed to 780 encounters. On average, 1.95 drugs were prescribed per prescription. Percentage of encounters by generic name, encounters with antibiotics and injection, and drugs from essential drug list were 99.9%, 35.4%, 15.3%, and 100%, respectively. From healthcare provider–related information, the names of prescribers and dispensers were correctly written in 93.59% and 77.69%, respectively. Frequency (97.18%) and route (86.15%) of drug administration were better stated in the reviewed encounters, whereas dosage form is poorly stated (7.44%). Labeling of dispensed medicine was obtained for only 10% of patients and patient knowledge for correct dose was 94%. Availability of facility indicators was 95%. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that the prescribing, patient-care, and facility indicators did not fulfill many World Health Organization standards. Therefore, it is important if all prescribers, dispensers, patients themselves, and the governing bodies take an action to improve the prescribing and patient-care indicators for the best of the end users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Evaluation of prescription completeness, rational drug-use patterns using WHO prescribing, patient-care and facility indicators in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2022

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“…As well, eight studies used prescription review, nine studies used prescription review and face to face interview, two studies used observation and face to face interview, and two studies used prescription and drug list review. Concerning geographic distribution, seven studies were conducted from Amhara region, 23,27,28,31-34 six were from Oromia region, 24,26,[35][36][37][38] four were from Southern Nations Nationalities and People's Region (SNNPR), [39][40][41][42] one was from Tigray region, 43 one was from Somali region, 25 one was from Harari region, 44 and the remaining one was conducted from three regions of the country (Somali, Harari and Dire Dawa), 45 There is no study that was conducted in Gambela, Benishangul and Afar regions, and Addis Ababa city administration (Table 1).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Drug Use Evaluation Based on World Health Organization Core Drug Use Indicators in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

Mekonnen¹,

Ayalew²,

Tegegn³

2021

DHPS

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Background: Rational use of medicines plays a vital role in avoiding preventable adverse drug effects, maximizing therapeutic outcomes with promoting patient adherence, and minimizing the cost of drug therapy. Irrational use of drugs is often observed in countries with weak health care systems. No review has been done that systematically expresses rational drug use practice based on the three WHO core drug use indicators in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to review systematically the prescribing, health-facility, and patient-care indicators based on WHO core drug use indicators in Ethiopia. Methods: A systematic article search was conducted in different electronic databases including PubMed/ MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, POPLINE, the Global Health, and Google scholar. Quality assessment was conducted using Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Studies were synthesized and grouped in to prescribing, patient care and health facility indicators. Results: From a total of 6239 articles, 21 studies were found suitable for the review. The highest average number of drugs per encounter was 2.5 while the lowest was 0.98. The percentage of generic drug use was ranged from 70.5% to 100%. The highest percentage of encounters with an antibiotic was 85%. The lowest percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drugs list was 81.4%. The highest percentage of drugs actually dispensed and adequately labeled was 96.16% and 96.25%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the practice of rational drug use varied across region of the country. The average number of drugs per prescription, percentage of drugs encounter with antibiotics, drugs prescribed by their generic name, average consultation time, average dispensing time, percentage of drugs adequately labeled, and availability of essential drugs showed deviation from the standard recommended by WHO. Thus, provision of regular training for prescribers and pharmacists, and ensuring the availability of essential drugs should be encouraged.

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“…Globally, more than 50% of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed, or sold inappropriately, while 50% of patients fail to take them correctly [ 9 ]. Even though the problem is common in both developed and developing countries, the magnitude is higher in developing countries [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pattern of Medicine Use in Ethiopia Using the WHO Core Drug Use Indicators

Mohammed

Faris

2021

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. Rational medicine use is an appropriate prescribing, dispensing, and patient use of medicines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. It is affected by several factors. Irrational use of medicine is a widespread problem at all levels of care. This review is aimed at assessing the medicine use pattern in health facilities of Ethiopia using the medicine use pattern developed by WHO/INRUD. Methods. Relevant literature was searched from Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, Web of Science, and Scopus using inclusion and exclusion criteria. A systematic review was used to summarize the medicine use pattern in health facilities of Ethiopia, and that WHO core drug use indicators were employed. Result. From 188 searched studies, 30 literatures were reviewed. The average number of drugs per encounter was 2.11. The percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injection was 57.16% and 22.39%, respectively. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 91.56% and 90.19%, respectively. On average, patients spent 5.14 minutes for consultation and 106.52 seconds for dispensing. From prescribed drugs, 67.79% were dispensed, while only 32.25% were labeled adequately. The availability of key essential medicines was 64.87%. The index of rational drug use value was 7.26. Moreover, the index of rational drug prescribing, index of rational patient-care drug use, and index of rational facility-specific drug use were 3.74, 2.51, and 1.01, respectively. Conclusion. Ethiopian health facilities were faced with antibiotic overprescribing, short consultation, and dispensing times, poor labeling of medicines, poor availability of key drugs, and nonadherence to the essential drug list. Routine, multidisciplinary awareness creation, and regulation should be implemented to promote rational medicine use at a national level.

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Assessment of Drug Use Pattern by Using WHO Core Drug Use Indicators at Public Hospitals in Ethiopia

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of prescription completeness, rational drug-use patterns using WHO prescribing, patient-care and facility indicators in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Evaluation of prescription completeness, rational drug-use patterns using WHO prescribing, patient-care and facility indicators in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Rational Drug Use Evaluation Based on World Health Organization Core Drug Use Indicators in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

The Pattern of Medicine Use in Ethiopia Using the WHO Core Drug Use Indicators

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