The Pattern of Medicine Use in Ethiopia Using the WHO Core Drug Use Indicators

Mohammed, Solomon Ahmed; Faris, Abebe Getie

doi:10.1155/2021/7041926

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The drug labelling form and patient´s knowledge form were designed for the purpose of collecting additional data. The evaluation of the core drug use indicators was according to the WHO/ International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) guidelines [ 9 , 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health facility indicators measurement: the WHO health facility indicators were used in this research using the health facility indicator checklist to collect data relating to availability of essential medicines [ 9 , 31 ]. The health facility indicators that were assessed included the availability of Essential Medicines list and percentage of key [ 9 ] drugs in stock across the 88 PHCs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of drug use in primary health centers in Lagos State, Nigeria

Adeosun¹,

Joda²,

Aderemi-Williams³

et al. 2022

Pan Afr Med J

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Introduction rational drug use prevents wastage of resources, loss of confidence in healthcare system and drug-related morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess drug use in Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in Lagos State, Nigeria using the World Health Organization in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug use indicators. Methods the study was conducted between February to October 2021 as a comparative observational survey of selected PHCs. It included a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional design for prescribing and patient care indicators assessing 2640 prescriptions and clients respectively. Data were analyzed and presented as frequency with percentage or mean with standard deviation, as applicable. The performances of the types of PHCs were compared using two-sample t-test. A 2-tailed p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results average number of drugs per prescription, drugs prescribed by the generic name, percentage of encounters with prescribed antibiotics and injections were 3.6 ± 0.9%, 76.5 ± 18.5%, 63.3 ± 19.1% and 21.1 ± 24.1% respectively with no significance difference between the comprehensive and basic PHCs. For all the facilities, the average consultation and dispensing times were 10.5 ± 6.0 minutes, 244.9 ± 179.2 seconds respectively. In this study, the percentage of patients’ knowledge of the correct dosage was 72.4 ± 38.3%. There is statistically significant difference in availability of key drugs in stock between the comprehensive and basic PHCs (p-value 0.0001). Conclusion irrational drug use practices exist in comprehensive and basic PHCs. There is a need to implement interventions aimed at strengthening good prescribing and patient-care practices across the PHCs in Lagos State.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of drug use in primary health centers in Lagos State, Nigeria

Adeosun¹,

Joda²,

Aderemi-Williams³

et al. 2022

Pan Afr Med J

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“…However, given that 94.63% of antibiotics prescribed were in injectable form, this value was significantly higher than the optimal value (13.4–24.1%), this is much higher than other studies conducted in Ethiopia (22.39%), Indonesian hospitals (85%) [ 30 , 31 ], and among children in Asia (88%), Latin America (81%), and Europe (67%) [ 32 ]. Our findings support the view that physicians, in general, are inclined to prescribe parenteral antibiotics, especially for unconscious cases and in-patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Assessment of antibiotic prescribing pattern and cost for hospitalized patients: A study from Palestine

Manassrah,

Al Ramahi

2024

PLoS ONE

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Background One of the largest problems facing the world today is the morbidity and mortality caused by antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections. A major factor in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the irrational use of antibiotics. The objective of this study was to assess the prescribing pattern and cost of antibiotics in two major governmental hospitals in the West Bank of Palestine. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 428 inpatient prescriptions containing antibiotics from two major governmental hospitals, they were evaluated by some drug use indicators. The cost of antibiotics in these prescriptions was calculated based on the local cost. Descriptive statistics were performed using IBM-SPSS version 21. Results The mean ± SD number of drugs per prescription (NDPP) was 6.72 ± 4.37. Of these medicines, 38.9% were antibiotics. The mean ± SD number of antibiotics per prescription (NAPP) was 2.61 ± 1.54. The average ± SD cost per prescription (CPP) was 392 ± 744 USD. The average ± SD antibiotic cost per prescription (ACPP) was 276 ± 553 USD. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone (52.8%), metronidazole (24.8%), and vancomycin (21.0%). About 19% of the antibiotics were prescribed for intra-abdominal infections; followed by 16% used as prophylactics to prevent infections. Almost all antibiotics prescribed were administered intravenously (IV) 94.63%. In general, the average duration of antibiotic therapy was 7.33 ± 8.19 days. The study indicated that the number of antibiotics per prescription was statistically different between the hospitals (p = 0.022), and it was also affected by other variables like the diagnosis (p = 0.006), the duration of hospitalization (p < 0.001), and the NDPP (p < 0.001). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics and the cost of antibiotics per prescription were significantly different between the two hospitals (p < 0.001); The cost was much higher in the Palestinian Medical Complex. Conclusion The practice of prescribing antibiotics in Palestine’s public hospitals may be unnecessary and expensive. This has to be improved through education, adherence to recommendations, yearly immunization, and stewardship programs; intra-abdominal infections were the most commonly seen infection in inpatients and ceftriaxone was the most frequently administered antibiotic.

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“…WHO recommends at least 80% availability of essential medicines in healthcare facilities [42]. But in low/middle-income countries this is still a major challenge [43].…”

Section: Operational De Nitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missed Nursing Care And Associated Factors Among Nurses At University Of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022. A cross sectional study

Kassie

Endalkachew

Kassahun

2022

Preprint

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Introduction: The lack of nursing care is the most common cause of quality problems in health care that results in adverse outcomes for patients, nurses, and organizations. Although there is a lot of evidence regarding nursing care practices, there is limited evidence about missed nursing care and its factors in Ethiopia and no evidence at all in the study area. Therefore, this study was designed to assess missed nursing care and related factors among nurses. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 485 nurses at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from May 15 to June 15, 2022. The data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. The data was then added to EPI DATA version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed, and a summative score of missed nursing care was calculated. Then, multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors of missed nursing care. A P-value of 0.05 was used to identify significant factors. Results: In this study, missed nursing care was 62.5% (95% CI 60.98-64.02). Documentation of all necessary data, assessment of vital signs, intravenous care, and assessment as per hospital policy and patient education were the most frequently lacking nursing care. Being single in marital status (B=-4.609, P =0.004), adequacy of nursing staff (B=-2.458, P=0.003), satisfaction with income (B=-8.753, P=0.007), working in the medical unit (B=-5.708, P=0.002) and working in both day and night shift (B=1.731, P=0.027) were statistically associated with missed nursing care. Conclusion recommendation: In this study, more than half of the participants missed basic nursing care. Efforts should be considered to enhance communication between health team members, assign a manageable number of patients per nurse, and adjust shifts and units.

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The Pattern of Medicine Use in Ethiopia Using the WHO Core Drug Use Indicators

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Assessment of drug use in primary health centers in Lagos State, Nigeria

Assessment of drug use in primary health centers in Lagos State, Nigeria

Assessment of antibiotic prescribing pattern and cost for hospitalized patients: A study from Palestine

Missed Nursing Care And Associated Factors Among Nurses At University Of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022. A cross sectional study

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