Assessment of deep cryogenic heat-treatment impact on the microstructure and surface chemistry of austenitic stainless steel

Jovičević-Klug, Patricia; Lipovšek, Nataša; Jovičević‐Klug, Matic; Mrak, Maruša; Ekar, Jernej; Ambrožič, Bojan; Dražić, Goran; Kovač, Janez; Podgornik, Bojan

doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102456

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Special mention should be made to a specific type of DCT, the multi-stage deep cryogenic treatment (MCT), where the DCT treatment of the material consists of rapid changes between SCT and DCT temperatures for a predefined time and number of cycles to manipulate predefined properties [303]. DCT performance is influenced by the selected cooling temperature, cooling-warming rate, time the material is exposed to DCT, type of metallic material (ferrous/non-ferrous alloy or type of steel), chemical composition of the metallic material, hardening process, tempering temperature, and also the microstructural phenomena present within the microstructure (such as transformationinduced plasticity (TRIP), austenite reversion transformation (ART), and twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP)) [304][305][306][307][308][309][310].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Cryogenic Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following ferrous and non-ferrous alloys are used in the following sectors (Table 4). [364][365][366][367][368][369][370], AISI 304L [308,319,[371][372][373][374], AISI 304LN [374], AISI 316 [374][375][376][377][378][379][380], AISI 316L [192,341,348,[381][382][383][384], AISI 316LN [374,385], AISI 321 [386,387], AISI 347 [388,389] Hardness, microhardness, wear (abrasive wear), fracture toughness, impact toughness, compressive strength, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, friction, erosion, strain-hardening exponent, surface roughness, machining of steel, fatigue, residual stress, surface chemistry, and oxidation In all energy sectors Martensitic stainless steel AISI 410 [390], AISI 420 [349,[390][391][392], AISI 420 MOD [392], AISI 430 [393,394], AISI 431 [304,…”

Section: Energy Sector and Position Of Cryogenic Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable New Technology for the Improvement of Metallic Materials for Future Energy Applications

Jovičević-Klug,

Rohwerder

2023

Coatings

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The need for a more sustainable and accessible source of energy is increasing as human society advances. The use of different metallic materials and their challenges in current and future energy sectors are the primary focus of the first part of this review. Cryogenic treatment (CT), one of the possible solutions for an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective technology for tailoring the properties of these materials, is the focus of second part of the review. CT was found to have great potential for the improvement of the properties of metallic materials and the extension of their service life. The focus of the review is on selected surface properties and corrosion resistance, which are under-researched and have great potential for future research and application of CT in the energy sector. Most research reports that CT improves corrosion resistance by up to 90%. This is based on the unique oxide formation that can provide corrosion protection and extend the life of metallic materials by up to three times. However, more research should be conducted on the surface resistance and corrosion resistance of metallic materials in future studies to provide standards for the application of CT in the energy sector.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Cryogenic Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Sector and Position Of Cryogenic Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable New Technology for the Improvement of Metallic Materials for Future Energy Applications

Jovičević-Klug,

Rohwerder

2023

Coatings

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“…[ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In the literature, the most commonly tested stainless steels with DCT are individually selected austenitic stainless steels: AISI 302 [ 5 , 9 ], AISI 304 [ 10 , 11 ], and AISI 304 L [ 12 , 13 ], and martensitic stainless steel SR34 [ 14 ], AISI 420 [ 15 , 16 ], AISI 431 [ 17 ], AISI 440 [ 15 ], and AISI 440 C [ 18 ]. However, all of these studies consider only the individual steel grades with only individual treatment parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, such a mechanism cannot explain the resulting changes in mechanical properties with DCT. The two main explanations for the mechanical properties’ changes are through modification of the residual stress state [ 9 , 25 ] or increased dislocation pinning effect through denser dislocation formation and intertwining [ 12 ]. However, the explanations are only applicable to individual cases and are mostly set as possible conclusions without providing any clear relation to the DCT effect under different conditions and states of investigated steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Interdependency of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Fatigue Resistance, and Residual Stress of Austenitic Stainless Steels AISI 304L

et al. 2023

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Stainless steels are important in various industries due to their unique properties and durable life cycle. However, with increasing demands for prolonged life cycles, better mechanical properties, and improved residual stresses, new treatment techniques, such as deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), are on the rise to further push the improvement in stainless steels. This study focuses on the effect of DCT on austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L, while also considering the influence of solution annealing temperature on DCT effectiveness. Both aspects are assessed through the research of microstructure, selected mechanical properties (hardness, fracture and impact toughness, compressive and tensile strength, strain-hardening exponent, and fatigue resistance), and residual stresses by comparing the DCT state with conventionally treated counterparts. The results indicate the complex interdependency of investigated microstructural characteristics and residual stress states, which is the main reason for induced changes in mechanical properties. The results show both the significant and insignificant effects of DCT on individual properties of AISI 304L. Overall, solution annealing at a higher temperature (1080 °C) showed more prominent results in combination with DCT, which can be utilized for different manufacturing procedures of austenitic stainless steels for various applications.

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Deep Cryogenic and Thermal Aging Treatments of Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr Alloy Additively Manufactured by Powder Bed Fusion–Laser Beam

Zhang,

Chen,

Liu

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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The properties of 3D‐printed components via Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam (PBF‐LB) depend strongly on the processing parameters, particularly due to the rapid solidification conditions involved. This study introduces an innovative post‐treatment strategy combining deep cryogenic and thermal aging treatments to enhance the properties of Ti‐5Al‐5V‐5Mo‐3Cr alloy (Ti‐5553) alloy fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam. The results reveal that deep cryogenic treatment of as‐built material can refine the grain size and introduce defects and sub‐grain boundaries, thereby improving strength and ductility without significantly altering the microstructure or phase composition. However, applying deep cryogenic treatment after aging can significantly improve ductility and maintain strength, primarily by refining β phase grains. Conversely, thermal aging followed by deep cryogenic treatment of as‐built materials tends to increase strength at the expense of ductility, due to the formation of the ω phase and defects induced by the cryogenic treatment that in turn promote the development of more abundant and finer α phase within grains during aging. The findings of this research offer significant insights and valuable methodologies for optimizing the mechanical properties of Ti‐5553 alloy manufactured by Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam via an extra deep cryogenic treatment following thermal aging.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Assessment of deep cryogenic heat-treatment impact on the microstructure and surface chemistry of austenitic stainless steel

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Sustainable New Technology for the Improvement of Metallic Materials for Future Energy Applications

Sustainable New Technology for the Improvement of Metallic Materials for Future Energy Applications

Complex Interdependency of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Fatigue Resistance, and Residual Stress of Austenitic Stainless Steels AISI 304L

Deep Cryogenic and Thermal Aging Treatments of Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr Alloy Additively Manufactured by Powder Bed Fusion–Laser Beam

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