Assessment of craniometric traits in South Indian dry skulls for sex determination

Ramamoorthy, Balakrishnan; Pai, Mángala M.; Prabhu, Latha V.; Muralimanju, B. V.; Rai, Rajalakshmi

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2015.10.001

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The conventional method of studying the palate in a dry adult skull involves measurement of maxillo-alveolar length and maxillo-alveolar breadth [ 18 ]. Here, two bony landmarks namely the prosthion and the alveolon are defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum breadth at the second maxillary molar from the outer surface of one alveolar border to the outer surface of the other is the maxillo-alveolar breadth [ 28 ]. In a study by Ramamoorthy et al [ 18 ], the maxillo-alveolar length was found to be extremely significant in cranial sexing with a P -value of 0.001. The maxillo-alveolar breadth was found to be insignificant with a P -value of 0.103 [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study by Ramamoorthy et al [ 18 ], the maxillo-alveolar length was found to be extremely significant in cranial sexing with a P -value of 0.001. The maxillo-alveolar breadth was found to be insignificant with a P -value of 0.103 [ 18 ]. However, in this study the sex predictability percentage or sexing accuracy of these dimensions was not determined and only their significance was ascertained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the studies mentioned above, it may be inferred, that the sagittal dimensions of the hard palate and the basicranium are extremely significant in sexing the crania. The maxilloalveolar length was extremely significant with a P -value of 0.001 [ 18 ]. The orale-spina nasalis posterior distance in CT scans was also extremely significant with a P -value less than 0.001 [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have analyzed the palatal dimensions using computed tomography (CT) scans and confirmed their sexing significance [ 17] . Others have analyzed palatal dimensions in dry skulls where the maxillo-alveolar length and maxillo-alveolar breadth were conventionally used as sexing parameters [ 18 ]. However, we have deviated from the conventional method by measuring the length from the posterior margin of the incisive foramen to the tip of the posterior nasal spine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binary logistic regression analysis of hard palate dimensions for sexing human crania

et al. 2016

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Sex determination is the preliminary step in every forensic investigation and the hard palate assumes significance in cranial sexing in cases involving burns and explosions due to its resistant nature and secluded location. This study analyzes the sexing potential of incisive foramen to posterior nasal spine length, palatine process of maxilla length, horizontal plate of palatine bone length and transverse length between the greater palatine foramina. The study deviates from the conventional method of measuring the maxillo-alveolar length and breadth as the dimensions considered in this study are more heat resistant and useful in situations with damaged alveolar margins. The study involves 50 male and 50 female adult dry skulls of Indian ethnic group. The dimensions measured were statistically analyzed using Student's t test, binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve. It was observed that the incisive foramen to posterior nasal spine length is a definite sex marker with sex predictability of 87.2%. The palatine process of maxilla length with 66.8% sex predictability and the horizontal plate of palatine bone length with 71.9% sex predictability cannot be relied upon as definite sex markers. The transverse length between the greater palatine foramina is statistically insignificant in sexing crania (P=0.318). Considering a significant overlap of values in both the sexes the palatal dimensions singularly cannot be relied upon for sexing. Nevertheless, considering the high sex predictability of incisive foramen to posterior nasal spine length this dimension can definitely be used to supplement other sexing evidence available to precisely conclude the cranial sex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Binary logistic regression analysis of hard palate dimensions for sexing human crania

et al. 2016

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SexEst: An open access web application for metric skeletal sex estimation

Constantinou

Nikita

2022

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Skeletal sex estimation is an essential step in any osteoarcheological study; hence, several metric and morphological methods have been developed for this purpose, employing different skeletal elements. This paper has a dual purpose: (1) test the performance of several machine learning classification models for skeletal sex estimation using worldwide samples of cranial and postcranial measurements and (2) present a free web application for the implementation of the models that exhibit the highest accuracy so that the sex of unknown skeletons can be straightforwardly estimated. Regarding the first objective, using the Goldman database of postcranial metrics and the William W. Howells craniometric database, machine learning classification models were constructed for sex prediction. The models were optimized with respect to their hyperparameters and cross‐validated reaching accuracies ranging from 80.8%–89.5% for the postcranial data and 81.2%–87.7% for the cranial data. The models offering the highest rates of correct sex classification (Extreme Gradient Boosting, Light Gradient Boosting, and Linear Discriminant Analysis) were then selected to construct an open access and open source web application, SexEst, for predicting the sex of unknown skeletons.

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Can Computer Vision Techniques be Applied to Automated Forensic Examinations? A Study on Sex Identification from Human Skulls Using Head CT Scans

Arigbabu

Liao

Abdullah

et al. 2017

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Assessment of craniometric traits in South Indian dry skulls for sex determination

Cited by 43 publications

References 15 publications

Binary logistic regression analysis of hard palate dimensions for sexing human crania

Binary logistic regression analysis of hard palate dimensions for sexing human crania

SexEst: An open access web application for metric skeletal sex estimation

Can Computer Vision Techniques be Applied to Automated Forensic Examinations? A Study on Sex Identification from Human Skulls Using Head CT Scans

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