Assessment of cow and farm level risk factors associated with Ureaplasma diversum in pasture-based dairy systems - A field study

Nascimento-Rocha, Josefa Moreira do; Filho, Benedito Dias de Oliveira; Arnhold, E.; Porto, Regiani Nascimento Gagno; Lima, Svetlana; Gambarini, M. L.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720160813

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Ureaplasma presented a relative abundance higher than 30%. Ureaplasma diversum has been previously reported in bovine vaginal microbiota in several countries including Brazil (26,27), France (28), Canada (29), Costa Rica (30), Argentina (31), Australia (32), and Spain (33). Particularly in Canada, U. diversum has been identified in the microbiota of the reproductive tract of cattle without clinical signs of granular vulvitis (29,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vaginal Microbiota Changes During Estrous Cycle in Dairy Heifers

et al. 2020

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The vaginal microbiota plays an important role in the health of dairy cattle, and it could be manipulated for the prevention and treatment of reproduction-related infections. The present study profiles and compares the vaginal microbiota of healthy dairy heifers during the estrous cycle focusing the results in follicular (estrus) and luteal (diestrus) phases using 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. Twenty 13-16-months-old virgin dairy heifers from a single farm were included in this study. Vaginal swabs and blood samples were obtained during estrus (6-8 h before artificial insemination) and diestrus (14 days after insemination). Estrus was evaluated by an activity monitoring system and confirmed with plasma progesterone immunoassay. Results showed that the taxonomic composition of the vaginal microbiota was different during the follicular and luteal phases. At the phylum level, the most abundant bacterial phyla were Tenericutes, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes which comprised more than 75% of the vaginal microbiota composition. The next more abundant phyla, in order of decreasing abundance, were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, and Patescibacteria. Together with Tenericutes, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes represented more than 96% of the bacterial composition. Ureaplasma, Histophilus, f_Corynebacteriaceae, Porphyromonas, Mycoplasma, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, were the most abundant genera or families. The results also showed that the vaginal microbiota of dairy heifers was non-lactobacillus dominant. The genus Lactobacillus was always found at a low relative abundance during the estrous cycle being more abundant in the follicular than in the luteal phase. Despite more research is needed to explore the potential use of native vaginal microbiota members as probiotics in dairy heifers, this study represents an important step forward. Understanding how the microbiota behaves in healthy heifers will help to identify vaginal dysbiosis related to disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vaginal Microbiota Changes During Estrous Cycle in Dairy Heifers

et al. 2020

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“…Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma are very similar in structure and function, and both are linked to a variety of inflammatory diseases in cattle; their differences are in their colony formation structure, the fact that only Ureaplasma can secrete urease, and in the number of species they contain [57,58]. In contrast to over 120 identified Mycoplasma species, there are only 11 identified bovine Ureaplasma species, the best known species being Ureaplasma parvum, which is prevalent in many herds and linked to a high incidence of abortions (i.e., bovine ureaplasmosis) [57,59,60]. Distinct bacterial metacommunities inhabit the upper and lower respiratory tracts of healthy feedlot cattle and those diagnosed with bronchopneumonia [61].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay during the preconditioning period improves growth, carcass weight, and nasal microbial diversity of beef calves

et al. 2020

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We previously reported that feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay to weaned beef calves in a preconditioning program decreases morbidity and mortality during the feedlot period. To understand the mode of action by which supranutritional Se supplementation supports calf health, we examined the effect of agronomic Se-biofortification on nasal microbiome and fecal parasites. Recently weaned Angus-cross beef calves (n = 30) were randomly assigned to two groups and fed an alfalfa hay-based diet for 9 weeks in a preconditioning program. Alfalfa hay was harvested from fields fertilized with sodium selenate at a rate of 0 or 90 g Se/ha. Calculated Se intake from dietary sources was 1.09 and 27.45 mg Se/calf per day for calves consuming alfalfa hay with Se concentrations of 0.06 and 3.47 mg Se/kg dry matter, respectively. Feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay for 9 weeks was effective at increasing whole-blood Se concentrations (556 ± 11 vs 140 ± 11 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and increasing body weight (PTreatment, = 0.03) in weaned beef calves. Slaughter yield grades were higher for calves that had been fed Se-enriched alfalfa hay during the preconditioning period (PTreatment = 0.008). No significant differences were observed in fecal parasite load, which remained low. The nasal microbiome and microbiota diversity within calves and across calves expanded from weaning (week 0) to the feedlot period (week 12), which was promoted by feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay. Especially concerning was the expansion of nasal Mycoplasmataceae in the feedlot, which reached over 50% of the total microbiota in some calves. In conclusion, we identified dietary Se-biofortified alfalfa hay as a potential promoter of nasal microbiome genome and microbiota diversity, which may explain in part high-Se benefits for prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex in beef calves.

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“…Present results suggest that Mycoplasma bovigenitalium might be recognized by mononuclear cells as an aggressor faster than other mycoplasmas, what would explain his transitory effect. Our previously studies showed that vaginal samples positive for Mycoplasma bovigenitalium were always obtained from cows or heifers with a severe vaginal lesion score, denoting the acute form of the infection [7,6]. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium is described as a mastitis pathogen, and it has been suggested that the source for mastitis may be from infected vaginal discharge running down onto the udder and teats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of their capacity to colonize mucosal surfaces of the nose, eye, middle ear, vagina, and mammary gland [3] the dissemination between animals can occur via aerosolization of nasal secretions [4] or ingestion of contaminated colostrum or milk [5]. Of the risk factors related to their occurrence in dairy cattle the concomitant infection (Mycolasma spp and Ureaplasma diversum) presented the highest odds ratio (OR, 5.67, P< 0.00010 [6]. Histopathological changes in the uterus and vagina of heifers during natural infections are characterized by mononuclear cell infi ltrations, suggesting cellular response and stimulation of infl ammatory mediators [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of in vitro Activation of Bovine Endometrial and Vaginal Epithelial and Blood Mononuclear Cells to Produce Nitric Oxide in Response to Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum

et al. 2021

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Genital mycoplasmosis is a condition present in bovine production systems, and the most important agents involved are Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum. Some aspects of their pathogenesis remain unclear. This study was designed in order to evaluate their ability to stimulate mononuclear cells from the endometrium, vagina and peripheral blood of cycling and healthy cows to produce nitric oxide (NO). Cellular cultures of endometrial, vaginal and peripheral blood cells from 33 healthy cows were cultivated with Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum originated from the 4th passage in culture broth and the NO production was measured by the Greiss reaction. Confirmation of the presence of mononuclear cells and of the agents during and after the NO assay was done by Giemsa stained smears and further cultivation and detection by PCR reaction. Mononuclear cells from all samples produced NO. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium stimulated higher NO production than the others (p<0.05). Endometrial cells produced less NO than vaginal or blood cultured cells. In conclusion, it seems that Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Ureaplasma diversum are able to activate mononuclear cells and induce the production of NO, thus suggesting that this pathway is elicited in response to the primary infection by these agents. More studies are necessary to verify why these agents remain in the bovine reproductive tract for long periods and how they reassume deleterious effects.

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Assessment of cow and farm level risk factors associated with Ureaplasma diversum in pasture-based dairy systems - A field study

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Vaginal Microbiota Changes During Estrous Cycle in Dairy Heifers

Vaginal Microbiota Changes During Estrous Cycle in Dairy Heifers

Feeding selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay during the preconditioning period improves growth, carcass weight, and nasal microbial diversity of beef calves

Evaluation of in vitro Activation of Bovine Endometrial and Vaginal Epithelial and Blood Mononuclear Cells to Produce Nitric Oxide in Response to Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum

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