Vaginal Microbiota Changes During Estrous Cycle in Dairy Heifers

Quereda, J.J.; Barba, Marta; Mocé, M. L.; Gomis, J.; Jiménez-Trigos, E.; García-Muñoz, Ángel; Gómez-Martín, Ángel; González-Torres, Pedro; Carbonetto, Belén; García-Roselló, E.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00371

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…The dominance of genera Histophilus in both healthy cows ( Schlafer et al, 2007 ; Quereda et al, 2020 ) and cows with reproductive diseases ( Bano et al, 2011 ; Rodrigues et al, 2015 ) was also addressed in previous studies. Histophilus was described as an obligate commensal member in bovine genital mucosal surfaces as well as an opportunistic pathogen under favorable conditions ( Bisgaard, 1995 ; Sandal and Inzana, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The common sites for animal-associated metagenomic studies are gastrointestinal tracts, reproductive tracts, respiratory tracts, skin, oral and amniotic fluids. The application of metagenomic studies in animals has focused on the contributions of the metagenomes to host health ( Oba et al, 2021 ), susceptibility to diseases ( Rodrigues Hoffmann, 2017 ; Borsanelli et al, 2018 ; Mach et al, 2021 ), physiological purposes ( Ault et al, 2019 ; Quereda et al, 2020 ), and anatomical differences ( Glendinning et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical note: overcoming host contamination in bovine vaginal metagenomic samples with nanopore adaptive sequencing

Ong

Ross

Boe-Hansen

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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Animal metagenomic studies, in which host-associated microbiomes are profiled, are an increasingly important contribution to our understanding of the physiological functions, health and susceptibility to diseases of livestock. One of the major challenges in these studies is host DNA contamination, which limits the sequencing capacity for metagenomic content and reduces the accuracy of metagenomic profiling. This is the first study comparing the effectiveness of different sequencing methods for profiling bovine vaginal metagenomic samples. We compared the new method of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) adaptive sequencing, which can be used to target or eliminate defined genetic sequences, to standard ONT sequencing, Illumina 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, and Illumina shotgun sequencing. The efficiency of each method in recovering the metagenomic data and recalling the metagenomic profiles was assessed. ONT adaptive sequencing yielded a higher amount of metagenomic data than the other methods per 1 Gb of sequence data. The increased sequencing efficiency of ONT adaptive sequencing consequently reduced the amount of raw data needed to provide sufficient coverage for the metagenomic samples with high host-to-microbe DNA ratio. Additionally, the long reads generated by ONT adaptive sequencing retained the continuity of read information, which benefited the in-depth annotations for both taxonomical and functional profiles of the metagenome. The different methods resulted in the identification of different taxa. Genera Clostridium, which was identified at low abundances and categorised under Order “Unclassified Clostridiales” when using the 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing method, was identified to be the dominant genera in the sample when sequenced with the three other methods. Additionally, higher numbers of annotated genes were identified with ONT adaptive sequencing, which also produced high coverage on most of the commonly annotated genes. This study illustrates the advantages of ONT adaptive sequencing in improving the amount of metagenomic data derived from microbiome samples with high host-to-microbe DNA ratio and the advantage of long reads in preserving intact information for accurate annotations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: overcoming host contamination in bovine vaginal metagenomic samples with nanopore adaptive sequencing

Ong

Ross

Boe-Hansen

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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“…in buffalo exclusively during preestrus and diestrus phases. Notably, Lactobacilli were found to be very low in bovine vaginal microbiota which was con rmed by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods (Otero et al 2000;Quereda et al 2020;Srinivasan et al 2019). The present nding reveals the absence of Lactobacillus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Staphylococcus Pasteuri (BCVME2) Resident In Buffalo Cervical Vaginal Mucus (CVM) - A Potential Source of Estrus-Specific Sex Pheromone(s)

Sriniva

Rengarajan

Dhanasekaran

et al. 2021

Preprint

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There are microbes resident in the reproductive tract, some of which could be pathogenic while a few others would, perhaps, play important roles in protecting the reproductive tract from infections. Volatile compounds are known to play role as sex pheromones that attract the males for coitus during estrus or heat. It is likely that these compounds themselves are secondary metabolites of the bacterial flora resident in the vagina. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, bacteria were isolated from cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) of buffalo during various phases of the oestrous cycle and identified, based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, as Bacillus during preestrus as well as diestrus, and Staphylococcus during all phases of the oestrous cycle. But, the populations of Staphylococcus differed between different phases of the oestrous cycle, the predominant forms being S. warneri (BCVMPE1_1) during preestrus, S. pastueri (BCVME2) during oestrus and S. epidermis (BCVMDE3) during diestrus. Mice, when used as sensors, efficiently differentiated the oestrus-specific S. pastueri (BCVME2) from the others. HS-GC-MS analysis showed that S. pastueri (BCVME2) produces key volatile compounds viz., acetic, propanoic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric and valeric acids. In addition, it is evidenced that S. pasteuri (BCVME2) volatiles influence the sexual behaviours such as flehmen and mounting of the bull. Thus, the paper reports that S. pasteuri (BCVME2) is the potential source of vaginal pheromone(s) during oestrus in buffalo.

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“…In contrast to the uterine microbiota, the vaginal microbiota had the highest richness before calving and decreased with time. Unlike humans, whose vaginal flora is usually dominated by genus Lactobacillus , those of healthy cows is composed of a variety of bacteria depending on the estrous cycle ( 33 , 34 ). Therefore, it was expected that the bacterial composition of the vagina would not yet be fully restored to its prepartum state at 35 DPP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Reproductive Microbiota of Primiparous Cows During Early Postpartum Periods in the Presence and Absence of Endometritis

Kudo

Sugiura

Higashi³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Endometritis has a major impact on fertility in postpartum dairy cows. Since previous studies showed an association between reproductive microbiota and perinatal disease, we monitored both bovine uterine and vaginal microbiota in primiparous cows to elucidate the effect of early postpartum microbiota on endometritis. Uterine and vaginal samples were collected at time points from pre-calving to 35 days postpartum (DPP), and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, combined with ancillary bacterial culture. A total of seven healthy cows and seven cows diagnosed with endometritis on 35 DPP were used in the current study. The uterine and vaginal microbiota showed a maximum of 20.1% shared amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) at linked time points. 16S rRNA based analysis and traditional culture methods revealed that Trueperella showed a higher abundance in both uterus and vagina of the endometritis group compared to the healthy group on 21 DPP (U-test p < 0.05). Differential abundance analysis of the uterine microbiota showed that Enterococcus and six bacterial genera including Bifidobacterium were unique to the healthy group on the day of calving (0 DPP) and 28 DPP, respectively. In contrast, Histophilus and Mogibacteriaceae were characteristic bacteria in the vagina pre-calving in cows that later developed endometritis, suggesting that these bacteria could be valuable to predict clinical outcomes. Comparing the abundances of bacterial genera in the uterine microbiota, a negative correlation was observed between Trueperella and several bacteria including Lactobacillus. These results suggest that building an environment where there is an increase in bacteria that are generally recognized as beneficial, such as Lactobacillus, may be one possible solution to reduce the abundance of Trueperella and control endometritis.

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Vaginal Microbiota Changes During Estrous Cycle in Dairy Heifers

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Technical note: overcoming host contamination in bovine vaginal metagenomic samples with nanopore adaptive sequencing

Technical note: overcoming host contamination in bovine vaginal metagenomic samples with nanopore adaptive sequencing

Staphylococcus Pasteuri (BCVME2) Resident In Buffalo Cervical Vaginal Mucus (CVM) - A Potential Source of Estrus-Specific Sex Pheromone(s)

Characterization of Reproductive Microbiota of Primiparous Cows During Early Postpartum Periods in the Presence and Absence of Endometritis

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