Assessment of chlorpyrifos exposure and absorbed daily doses among infants living in an agricultural area of the Province of Jiangsu, China

Liu, Ping; Wu, Chunhua; Chang, Xiuli; Qi, Xiaojuan; Zheng, Minglan; Zhou, Zhijun

doi:10.1007/s00420-013-0918-1

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The GM concentrations of urinary TCPy in Chinese urban adults and farmers (prior to pesticide spraying) detected in the current study were higher than the reported urinary TCPy in the infants from Southeast China (GM concentration of 1.33 μg/L) (Liu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Urinary Concentrations Of Chlorpyrifos Cp-me and Tcpy In Fcontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Exposure estimation of chlorpyrifos exposed by pesticide spraying As a widely used organophosphorus pesticide, human exposure to chlorpyrifos has been estimated various studies on the basis of the urinary level of the TCPy. In most studies (Morgan et al, 2005;Alexander et al, 2006;Curwin et al, 2007a;Farahat et al, 2011;Phung et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2014;Rohitrattana et al, 2014), the intake of chlorpyrifos was commonly estimated according to the following equation:…”

Section: Elimination Rate Of Chlorpyrifos In Farmers After Pesticide mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1 in the Supplementary data. Several studies found that 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) is the dominant metabolite of chlorpyrifos in humans (Sultatos et al, 1984;MacIntosh et al, 2001;Olsson et al, 2004;Alexander et al, 2006;Morgan et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2014;Trunnelle et al, 2014). As such, TCPy is used as the biomarker of chlorpyrifos exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, TCPy is used as the biomarker of chlorpyrifos exposure. For example, urinary TCPy was included in the U.S. National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, with a geometric mean concentration Chinese infants (Liu et al, 2014), indicating wide exposure to chlorpyrifos among the Chinese. However, limited information is available on chlorpyrifos exposure in Chinese adults until now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorpyrifos exposure in farmers and urban adults: Metabolic characteristic, exposure estimation, and potential effect of oxidative damage

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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Chlorpyrifos is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide that efficiently protects crops against pests. However, recent studies suggest that severe exposure to chlorpyrifos may present adverse health effects in human. To analyze the exposure level and metabolic characteristics of chlorpyrifos pesticide in urban adults and farmers with/without occupation pesticide contact, the occurrence of urinary chlorpyrifos and methyl chlorpyrifos (CP-me), as well as their metabolite, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), was determined in farmers of an agricultural village in China, and in urban adults of a nearby town. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of TCPy, which is the major marker of chlorpyrifos exposure, were 4.29 and 7.57μg/g-creatinine in urban adults and farmers before pesticide application, respectively. Chlorpyrifos spraying significantly increased the concentrations of urinary TCPy. In the first day after spraying, a GM concentration of 43.7μg/g-creatinine was detected in the urine specimens from farmers, which decreased to 38.1 and 22.8μg/g-creatinine in the second and third day after chlorpyrifos spraying. The ratio of TCPy and its parent compounds, i.e. chlorpyrifos and CP-me, was positively associated with the sum concentration of urinary chlorpyrifos, CP-me, and TCPy, suggesting the increasing metabolic efficiency of chlorpyrifos to TCPy at higher chlorpyrifos exposure levels. To estimate the farmers' occupational exposure to chlorpyrifos pesticide, a new model based on the fitted first-order elimination kinetics of TCPy was established. Occupational chlorpyrifos exposure in a farmer was estimated to be 3.70μg/kg-bw/day (GM), which is an exposure level that is higher than the recommended guideline levels. Significant increase of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was observed on the first day after chlorpyrifos spraying, which indicates a potential oxidative damage in farmers. However, urinary 8-OHdG returned to its baseline level within two days.

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Section: Urinary Concentrations Of Chlorpyrifos Cp-me and Tcpy In Fcontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Elimination Rate Of Chlorpyrifos In Farmers After Pesticide mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorpyrifos exposure in farmers and urban adults: Metabolic characteristic, exposure estimation, and potential effect of oxidative damage

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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“…In Jianjsu, China, a survey of urinary TCP in 2 year old children revealed that the TCP occurred in 70% of the children. The HQ 0.75 was 2.5 suggesting a lower level of risk than the Thai children and the other groups mentioned above [44]. However the CPAD value would require the use of appropriate biological data to confirm the health risk represented by these HQs.…”

Section: Hazard Quotients (Hq) Calculated Using the Us Epa Guideline mentioning

confidence: 87%

Assessment of Health Risk in Human Populations Due to Chlorpyrifos

Marasinghe

Qian

Connell

2014

Toxics

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A wide ranging survey was carried out of the available data from ten different countries on human exposure to chlorpyrifos, in many different occupational and nonoccupational settings. Low levels of chlorpyrifos residues were found to be widely distributed in the global human population, but most of these do not constitute a public health risk, as evaluated using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Guidelines. For example, the general populations in USA, Germany and Italy had detectable residue levels well below the guidelines. However, high levels of health risk were apparent in a specific group of pregnant mothers in the USA, at median exposure with a HQ 0.50 of 26.6, suggesting that most of this population group was affected. Also the high exposure group (5% most exposed) with occupationally exposed manufacturing workers in the USA had a HQ 0.95 of 2.6 to 42.0, and pest control applicators in Australia and the USA both had a HQ 0.95 of 5.2. Some farmers in Sri Lanka and Vietnam had a high level of risk after spraying applications, having a HQ 0.95 of 2.2 and 19.5 respectively at the high exposure level. These results suggest that there is a possibility of adverse health effects in specific population groups in many different settings throughout the world. OPEN ACCESSToxics 2014, 2 93

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Prediction of dose-dependent in vivo acetylcholinesterase inhibition by profenofos in rats and humans using physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry

et al. 2021

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Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are known to inhibit acetylcholine esterase (AChE), a critical effect used to establish health-based guidance values. This study developed a combined in vitro–in silico approach to predict AChE inhibition by the OP profenofos in rats and humans. A physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model was developed for both species. Parameter values for profenofos conversion to 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol (BCP) were derived from in vitro incubations with liver microsomes, liver cytosol, and plasma from rats (catalytic efficiencies of 1.1, 2.8, and 0.19 ml/min/mg protein, respectively) and humans (catalytic efficiencies of 0.17, 0.79, and 0.063 ml/min/mg protein, respectively), whereas other chemical-related parameter values were derived using in silico calculations. The rat PBK model was evaluated against literature data on urinary excretion of conjugated BCP. Concentration-dependent inhibition of rat and human AChE was determined in vitro and these data were translated with the PBK models to predicted dose-dependent AChE inhibition in rats and humans in vivo. Comparing predicted dose-dependent AChE inhibition in rats to literature data on profenofos-induced AChE inhibition revealed an accurate prediction of in vivo effect levels. Comparison of rat predictions (BMDL10 of predicted dose–response data of 0.45 mg/kg bw) and human predictions (BMDL10 of predicted dose–response data of 0.01 mg/kg bw) suggests that humans are more sensitive than rats, being mainly due to differences in kinetics. Altogether, the results demonstrate that in vivo AChE inhibition upon acute exposure to profenofos was closely predicted in rats, indicating the potential of this novel approach method in chemical hazard assessment.

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Assessment of chlorpyrifos exposure and absorbed daily doses among infants living in an agricultural area of the Province of Jiangsu, China

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Chlorpyrifos exposure in farmers and urban adults: Metabolic characteristic, exposure estimation, and potential effect of oxidative damage

Chlorpyrifos exposure in farmers and urban adults: Metabolic characteristic, exposure estimation, and potential effect of oxidative damage

Assessment of Health Risk in Human Populations Due to Chlorpyrifos

Prediction of dose-dependent in vivo acetylcholinesterase inhibition by profenofos in rats and humans using physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry

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