Assessment of carvacrol for control of avian aspergillosis in intratracheally challenged chickens in comparison to voriconazole with a reference on economic impact

Tartor, Yasmine H.; Hassan, Fardos A.M.

doi:10.1111/jam.13557

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…In vitro sensitivity of our fungal isolates to 5 antifungal drugs showed that A.Fumigatus isolates showed 100 %resistant to Fluconazole, 67% resistant to both Nystatin and Amphotericin B while 50 % resistant to Itraconazole and only sensitive to Ketoconazole with 67%. Our results agreed to some extend with those reported by Ziółkowska et al (2014) and Tartor and Hassan (2017) in case of Fluconazole, Amphotericin B and Itraconazole, except in case of ketoconazole who found that most strain of A.fumigatus was resistant to it.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Role of Essential Oil for Control of Avian Aspergillosis in Experimentally Infected Chickens

Sadiek

Yasmin

Motelib

et al. 2019

Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal

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This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of essential oils as an alternative prophylaxis and treatment for avian aspergillosis. The in vitro susceptibility of Aspergillus fumigatus, A.flavus, and A.niger strains to antifungal drugs ( Nystatin, Amphotericin B (AMP ), Ketoconazole (KTC ), Itraconazole (ITR) and Fluconazole (FLU), and to essential oils (Garlic, thyme, cinnamon, tea tree, clove and chamomile oils) was determined using the macro diffusion methods. All fungal isolates demonstrated variable degrees of drugs resistances. All fungi showed 100% resistance to fluconazole, while ketoconazole is highly effective than itraconazol, amphotericin B and nystatin in all isolated fungi. Essential oils showed antifungal effect especially cinnamon oil followed by clove and garlic among tested EOs in vitro. Cinnamon oil showed the highest inhibition zone diameter to all fungi, so it was chosen for experimental trial based on the obtained antifungal activity results, Cinnamon oil was highly effective against A.fumigatus infection with a dose of 1 ml \ kg ration and could be used in the field of poultry instead of other antifungal drugs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Garlic oil has moderate activity (10 ±1 mm), thyme oil and chamomile oil did not exhibit any antifungal sensitivity for A.fumigatus isolates. These results were in agreement with that reported by Singh et al (1995); Inouye et al (2000); Carmo et al (2008);Rana et al (2011);Srivastava (2015) and Tartor and Hassan (2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Role of Essential Oil for Control of Avian Aspergillosis in Experimentally Infected Chickens

Sadiek

Yasmin

Motelib

et al. 2019

Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal

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“…Consequently, oral antimycotics are preferred and various approaches such as nebulization or the use of nanosuspensions have been attempted ( Wlaź et al, 2015 ; Pardeike et al, 2016 ). Since therapeutic protocols have not been validated specifically for birds in general and for the various species in particular, necessary care should be taken, especially considering the prolonged time required to complete the treatment ( Tartor and Hassan, 2017 ). In cases in which anesthesia is necessary such as surgery for air sac exposure to alleviate respiratory distress or imaging tests, the eventual impact of air way obstructions or other lung lesions upon the anesthetic process must be considered.…”

Section: Veterinary Infections Caused By Aspergillus mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Aspects of Veterinary and Human Aspergillosis

Elad

Segal

2018

Front. Microbiol.

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The genus Aspergillus is composed of more than 300 species, a fraction of which are involved in animal or human infections mostly following environmental exposure. Various risk factors (i.e., immunosuppression, tuberculosis) have been recognized for human whereas for veterinary infections, unhygienic management, trauma, anatomical conformation of the skull, or suspected immunological deficiencies have been suggested. In animals, aspergillosis is mostly sporadic but in some circumstance such as infections on poultry farms may involve the whole flock. Since the high prevalence of immunosuppression in human patients has not been mirrored in veterinary medicine, and although to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive data on the prevalence of aspergillosis in animals has been published, their epidemiology has not changed during the last decades. The impact of these infections may be economic or if they are incurable, sentimental. The objective of the first part is to describe the diagnosis of the main clinical entities caused by Aspergillus spp. in animals. It includes disseminated canine aspergillosis, canine and feline sino-nasal and sino-orbital aspergillosis, guttural pouch mycosis in horses, mycotic abortion in cattle, mycotic keratitis in horses, and avian aspergillosis. When pathogenesis and clinical aspects are relevant for diagnosis—they will be addressed as well. The second part deals with human aspergillosis, which is a multifaceted disease, manifested in a spectrum of clinical entities affecting one or more organs. Diagnosis is based on the clinical manifestation, supported and confirmed by laboratory means, involving the classical approach of demonstrating the etiological agent in the clinical specimens and in culture. Noncultural methods, such as antigen detection and/or molecular assays to detect fungal nucleic acids or protein profiles, are used as well. The isolation and identification of the fungus allows the determination of its susceptibility to antifungal drugs. Thus, antifungal susceptibility testing maybe considered as part of the diagnostic process, which is of relevance for management of the infection. In this review article, the part dealing with diagnostic aspects of aspergillosis in humans concentrates on susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp. to antifungal drugs and drug combinations. The technologies and methods of susceptibility testing are described and evaluated.

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“…Carvacrol is an essential oil from the oregano plant with in vitro antifungal activity against a variety of fungal species (42,(53)(54)(55)(56) and has been shown to have potential in vivo application as a prophylactic agent for the prevention of avian aspergillosis (57). Although the precise molecular target of carvacrol is unknown, its ability to disrupt ER morphology and induce a UPR transcriptional signature in C. albicans clearly indicates that it causes acute ER stress (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Human IRE1 Inhibitor Blocks the Unfolded Protein Response in the Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and Suggests Noncanonical Functions within the Pathway

Guirao-Abad

Weichert

Albee

et al. 2020

mSphere

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The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signaling network that maintains homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, the UPR is initiated by activation of an endoribonuclease (RNase) domain in the ER transmembrane stress sensor IreA, which splices the downstream mRNA hacAu into its active form, hacAi, encoding the master transcriptional regulator of the pathway. Small-molecule inhibitors against IRE1, the human ortholog of IreA, have been developed for anticancer therapy, but their effects on the fungal UPR are unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the IRE1 RNase inhibitor 4μ8C prevented A. fumigatus from increasing the levels of hacAi mRNA, thereby blocking induction of downstream UPR target gene expression. Treatment with 4μ8C had minimal effects on growth in minimal medium but severely impaired growth on a collagen substrate that requires high levels of hydrolytic enzyme secretion, mirroring the phenotype of other fungal UPR mutants. 4μ8C also increased sensitivity to carvacrol, a natural compound that disrupts ER integrity in fungi, and hygromycin B, which correlated with reduced expression of glycosylation-related genes. Interestingly, treatment with 4μ8C was unable to induce all of the phenotypes attributed to the loss of the canonical UPR in a ΔhacA mutant but showed remarkable similarity to the phenotype of an RNase-deficient IreA mutant that is also unable to generate the hacAi mRNA. These results establish proof of principle that pharmacological inhibition of the canonical UPR pathway is feasible in A. fumigatus and support a noncanonical role for the hacAu mRNA in ER stress response. IMPORTANCE The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signaling pathway that maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, with functions that overlap virulence mechanisms in the human-pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus. The canonical pathway centers on HacA, its master transcriptional regulator. Translation of this protein requires the removal of an unconventional intron from the cytoplasmic mRNA of the hacA gene, which is achieved by an RNase domain located in the ER-transmembrane stress sensor IreA. Here, we show that targeting this RNase activity with a small-molecule inhibitor effectively blocked UPR activation, resulting in effects that mirror the consequences of genetic deletion of the RNase domain. However, these phenotypes were surprisingly narrow in scope relative to those associated with a complete deletion of the hacA gene. These findings expand the understanding of UPR signaling in this species by supporting the existence of noncanonical functions for the unspliced hacA mRNA in ER stress response.

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Assessment of carvacrol for control of avian aspergillosis in intratracheally challenged chickens in comparison to voriconazole with a reference on economic impact

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Role of Essential Oil for Control of Avian Aspergillosis in Experimentally Infected Chickens

Role of Essential Oil for Control of Avian Aspergillosis in Experimentally Infected Chickens

Diagnostic Aspects of Veterinary and Human Aspergillosis

A Human IRE1 Inhibitor Blocks the Unfolded Protein Response in the Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and Suggests Noncanonical Functions within the Pathway

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