Assessment of cardiac function using global and regional left ventricular endomyocardial and epimyocardial peak systolic strain and strain rate in healthy Labrador retriever dogs

Carnabuci, C.; Hanås, Sofia; Ljungvall, Ingrid; Tidholm, Anna; Bussadori, C.; Häggström, Jens; Höglund, Katja

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.02.006

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our study identified basal to apical gradients in longitudinal S and SR and a difference between epicardial and endocardial S and SR in dogs with PDA, as described in healthy humans and dogs . Endocardial circumferential and longitudinal S and SR are greater as compared to their epicardial counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors, however, induce an increase in prostaglandin concentration, which in turn will cause ductal constriction and an increase in vascular resistance as a consequence of generalized vasoconstriction . In our case series, longitudinal S and SR were slightly lower as compared to preclosure, but were higher as compared to a normal population of dogs in which STE was assessed by the same software Whether this difference between infants and dogs is associated with different cardiac mechanics (preterm infants are considered to have decreased myocardial reserve and are thus more susceptible to changes in loading condition, requiring vasopressor or inotrope support) or caused by a different timing for these changes to occur, is difficult to determine. Based on our data, systolic dysfunction, considered as a decrease in myocardial contractility, has not been observed 24 h postoperatively in our population of dogs with PDA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography in Dogs With Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Effect of Percutaneous Closure on Cardiac Mechanics

Spalla

Locatelli

Zanaboni

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundPatent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is 1 of the most common congenital heart defects in dogs and percutaneous closure is effective in achieving ductal closure; PDA closure is associated with abrupt hemodynamic changes.HypothesisA marked decrease in standard parameters of systolic function as assessed by M‐ or B‐mode echocardiography after PDA closure was identified in previous studies. Speckle tracking echocardiography can provide further insight into the effect of PDA closure on cardiac mechanics in dogs affected by PDA.AnimalsTwenty‐five client‐owned dogs with PDA.MethodsProspective study. Dogs were recruited over a 2‐year period. Complete echocardiographic evaluation was performed before and 24 hours after PDA closure, including standard (end‐diastolic volumes indexed to body surface area in B‐ and M‐mode [EDVIB /M], end‐systolic volumes indexed to body surface area in B‐ and M‐mode [ESVIB /M], allometric scaling in diastole [AlloD] and systole [AlloS], pulmonary flow to systemic flow [Qs/Qp], ejection fraction [EF], and fractional shortening [FS]), and advanced speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE): global longitudinal, radial, circumferential and transverse strain (S), and strain rate (SR).ResultsPatent ductus arteriosus closure was associated with statistically significant decreases in EDVIM /B and ESVIM /B, AlloD and AlloS, SI, EF, and FS. A statistically significant decrease in the absolute values of radial, transverse, and circumferential S and SR was observed, whereas longitudinal S and SR did not change significantly.Conclusion and Clinical ImportancePatent ductus arteriosus closure by percutaneous approach is associated with marked decreases of conventional echocardiographic parameters as a result of the changes in loading conditions, but no evidence of systolic dysfunction was identified by means of STE, as none of the S and SR values were below reference ranges. In the short term, contractility is enhanced in the long axis (long S/SR values were not statistically different before and after closure) and decreases to normal values in short axis (circumferential, radial, and transversal S/SR decreased to normal reference range).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography in Dogs With Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Effect of Percutaneous Closure on Cardiac Mechanics

Spalla

Locatelli

Zanaboni

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…GLS exhibits only longitudinal deformations, and it may be more dominantly affected by apical motion of left ventricle, whereas LVEF, as a volumetric measurement, may not be. A previous study conducted by Carnabuci et al demonstrated regional differences in longitudinal strain and a relatively higher endocardial longitudinal strain in the left ventricular apical region in a dog model. A study including human subjects by Leitman et al also demonstrated higher degrees of longitudinal strain in the apical endocardial myocardium than in the basal segments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Difference in the Prognostic Impact of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain between Anterior and Nonanterior Myocardial Infarction

et al. 2016

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“…STE allows determining the strain (ST) and strain rate (STR) of LV myocardial deformation in orthogonal planes in the radial, longitudinal, and circumferential directions, and in tangential planes, caused by the sliding of muscle layers from the endocardium to the epicardium [18]. Although these variables have been validated in dogs [9,11,50] and have been used to evaluate heart diseases [15,38,43], the behavior of these variables relative to adaptations promoted by physical activities like snow sled pulling [40] agility competitions [34], running competitions [27] and herding [2,5,22,41,51] remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left Ventricular Adaptations in Herding Dogs

Martins

Pascon

Beltrán

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Athlete's heart syndrome comprises a set of functional and anatomic cardiac changes secondary to intense and prolonged physical exercise in humans and animals. The heart adapts to the type of activity performed, and Doppler echocardiography is the best tool for identifying these changes. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has provided new data on cardiovascular adaptations secondary to physical exercise in humans, information that conventional echocardiography cannot provide. Although physical activity and work in dogs are well documented, there are few studies on cardiovascular adaptations secondary to exercise in dogs, and no studies to date evaluated these adaptations using STE. Materials, Methods & Results:A total of 31 dogs of the Border Collie and Ovelheiro Gaúcho Brasileiro breeds were divided into two groups: a herding group (HG, n = 15), which performed herding activity five to six times a week for at least 4 months, and a sedentary group (SG, n = 16), with no history of physical activity in the past twelve months. All dogs were previously subjected to electrocardiography and blood pressure measurement. After that, the animals underwent echocardiographic examination at rest at a single time point. The data were analyzed by two-way multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a level of significance of 5% (P < 0.05) and a trend at 90% (P < 0.1). The dogs of the HG had higher values for left-ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and systolic volume (SV), and lower values for leftventricular myocardial performance index (Tei index) and systolic septal movement. STE results indicated that the HG presented lower values for strain and strain rate in some myocardial segments in the radial, circumferential, longitudinal, and transverse directions. Discussion: The increase in LVESD is justified by the increase in preload (volume) required to meet the increased oxygen demand, whereas SV is directly related to the Frank-Starling mechanism. The lower Tei index in the HG indicates better systolic-diastolic performance, explained by a shorter isovolumetric relaxation time and isovolumetric contraction time and by an increase in left ventricular (LV) ejection time. Similar results were not observed in LV systolic wall motion. Therefore, we believe that the most likely explanation is a higher systolic efficiency, associated with lower energy demand at rest. According to STE criteria, the lower strain and strain rate in the HG in some myocardial segments in all directions suggest less need for myocardial deformation and lower deformation velocity in order to maintain systolic function. In conclusion, conventional echocardiography and STE were complementary and fundamental to understand cardiovascular adaptations in herding dogs.

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Assessment of cardiac function using global and regional left ventricular endomyocardial and epimyocardial peak systolic strain and strain rate in healthy Labrador retriever dogs

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography in Dogs With Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Effect of Percutaneous Closure on Cardiac Mechanics

Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography in Dogs With Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Effect of Percutaneous Closure on Cardiac Mechanics

Difference in the Prognostic Impact of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain between Anterior and Nonanterior Myocardial Infarction

Left Ventricular Adaptations in Herding Dogs

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