Assessment of carbon nanotube yarns as reinforcement for composite overwrapped pressure vessels

Kim, Jae Woo; Sauti, Godfrey; Cano, Roberto J.; Wincheski, Russell A.; Ratcliffe, James G.; Czabaj, Michael W.; Gardner, Nathaniel W.; Siochi, Emilie J.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.02.003

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The CNT bundles are not curved so ϕ is zero, and the maximum holding stress must equal the frictional shear stress (T f ric ) between the nanotubes. For the purpose of this discussion, the tensile stress inside the CNT network is estimated using Equation (1). In this case, the twisted yarns exhibit a UTS of 0.8 GPa, so considering this as T Load means T Hold could only apply 0.8 GPa to the nanotube to prevent the pullout.…”

Section: Strengthening Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and Characterization of Solid Composite Yarns from Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(dicyclopentadiene)

Xin

Severino

Venkert³

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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In this report, networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are transformed into composite yarns by infusion, mechanical consolidation and polymerization of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). The microstructures of the CNT yarn and its composite are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and a focused ion beam used for cross-sectioning. Pristine yarns have tensile strength, modulus and elongation at failure of 0.8 GPa, 14 GPa and 14.0%, respectively. In the composite yarn, these values are significantly enhanced to 1.2 GPa, 68 GPa and 3.4%, respectively. Owing to the consolidation and alignment improvement, its electrical conductivity was increased from 1.0 × 105 S/m (raw yarn) to 5.0 × 105 S/m and 5.3 × 105 S/m for twisted yarn and composite yarn, respectively. The strengthening mechanism is attributed to the binding of the DCPD polymer, which acts as a capstan and increases frictional forces within the nanotube bundles, making it more difficult to pull them apart.

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Section: Strengthening Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unique structures and properties that could be advantageous in forming composites for structural applications [1,2], flexible sensing substrates [3], and multi-functional devices [4]. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of a carbon nanotube has been measured to be 150 GPa [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Solid Composite Yarns from Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(dicyclopentadiene)

Xin

Severino

Venkert³

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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“…Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), for example, have been shown by modeling and nano/micro-scale measurements to have much higher specific strength and stiffness than carbon fibers [2][3][4]. In recent years, rapid advances in manufacturing and processing have led to the availability of large quantities of high quality CNTs in practically useful material formats, such as large sheets and kilometerlength yams [5][6][7]. As a result, it is now possible to fabricate high volume fraction CNT composites with specific strength and stiffness values that approach those of current aerospace carbon fiber composites [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, rapid advances in manufacturing and processing have led to the availability of large quantities of high quality CNTs in practically useful material formats, such as large sheets and kilometerlength yams [5][6][7]. As a result, it is now possible to fabricate high volume fraction CNT composites with specific strength and stiffness values that approach those of current aerospace carbon fiber composites [6][7][8][9]. These properties are achieved in samples with notably non-optimal microstructures: they exhibit large voids, both within and between the reinforcing yarns [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the effects of carbon nanotube continuity and interfacial bonding on composite strength and stiffness

Jensen

Odegard

Kim

et al. 2018

Composites Science and Technology

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Molecular dynamics simulations of carbon nanotube (CNT) composites, in which the CNTs are continuous across the periodic boundary, overestimate the experimentally measured mechanical properties of CNT composites along the fiber direction. Since the CNTs in these composites are much shorter than the composite dimensions, load must be transferred either directly between CNTs or through the matrix, a mechanism that is absent in simulations of effectively continuous CNTs. In this study, the elastic and fracture properties of high volume fraction discontinuous carbon nanotube/amorphous carbon composite systems were compared to those of otherwise equivalent continuous CNT composites using ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulations. These simulations were used to show how the number of nanotube-matrix interfacial covalent bonds affect composite mechanical properties. Furthermore, the mechanical impact of interfacial bonding was decomposed to reveal its effect on the properties of the CNTs, the interfacial layer of matrix, and the bulk matrix. For the composites with continuous reinforcement, it was found that any degree of interfacial bonding has a negative impact on axial tensile strength and stiffness. This is due to disruption of the structure of the CNTs and interfacial matrix layer by the interfacial bonds. For the discontinuous composites, the modulus was maximized between 4%-7% interfacial bonding and the strength continues to increase up to the highest levels of interfacial bonding studied. Areas of low stress and voids were observed in the simulated discontinuous composites at the ends of the tubes, from which fracture was observed to initiate. Experimental carbon nanotube yarn composites were fabricated and tested. The results were used to illustrate knockdown factors relative to the mechanical performance of the tubes themselves.

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“…While many more applications have been cited for this versatile material, its insertion into real missions is still limited (De Volder et al, 2013). Only recent advancements in large-scale manufacturing of this material has permitted a broader assessment of their utility in aerospace applications (Gurau, 2014;Alvarez et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2016;DexMat Carbon, 2017;Space Technology, 2016). Focused development of this material can be aided by the prioritization of its utility in various mission scenarios that require the development of advanced materials to come to fruition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems analysis of carbon nanotubes: opportunities and challenges for space applications

Samareh

Siochi

2017

Nanotechnology

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Recent availability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in quantities and formats amenable to producing macroscale components invites consideration of these materials in space applications where their attractive properties can enable the realization of bold concepts for affordable space exploration. The challenge is to identify relevant systems and quantify the benefits at the systems level. Before significant investment or adoption of CNTs for large aerospace systems can be justified, there must be a plausible path to attain the perceived systems level benefits. This challenging step requires a close collaboration among experts on CNTs and aerospace system communities. This paper provides an overview of a few relevant potential CNTs applications for space systems and the gap that must be overcome for deployment of CNTs. It also provides a simple engineering-level systems analysis approach to quantify the benefits of using CNTs over state of the art material solutions.

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Assessment of carbon nanotube yarns as reinforcement for composite overwrapped pressure vessels

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of Solid Composite Yarns from Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(dicyclopentadiene)

Fabrication and Characterization of Solid Composite Yarns from Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(dicyclopentadiene)

Simulating the effects of carbon nanotube continuity and interfacial bonding on composite strength and stiffness

Systems analysis of carbon nanotubes: opportunities and challenges for space applications

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