Assessment of broadband ultrasound attenuation in the os calcis <i>in vitro</i>

McCloskey, E; Murray, S A; Charlesworth, D.; Miller, C G; Fordham, J N; Clifford, Kelly; Atkins, Roger M.; Kanis, J. A.

doi:10.1042/cs0780221

Cited by 105 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, since there are good correlations between velocity measured with and without soft tissue, it may not be necessary to adjust velocity for the effect of soft tissue. Similarly, in agreement with McCloskey et al [7] there seems to be no need to adjust BUA for the effect of soft tissue since there was no difference between BUA measured through bone plus soft tissue and bone alone (water method). In contrast, the apparent mismatch between the value of 4 cm defined by Lunar Achilles as heel width and the actual measured heel widths creates a significant difference in calculated velocities.…”

Section: Influence Of Soft Tissue and A Fixed Heel Dimensionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In either case the effects of soft tissue (skin, subcutaneous tissue, marrow) and pathlength (distance traveled by the US beam through the various tissues) are usually ignored. The presence of soft tissue causes a significant reduction in SOS whereas broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) appears to be relatively insensitive to soft tissue effects [6][7][8]. Though there would appear to be little support for an effect of bone width on BUA [8,9], a recent report [10] using cancellous bovine bone (femora) found a strong positive correlation between these variables (r ‫ס‬ 0.92).…”

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confidence: 96%

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Water Bath and Contact Methods in Ultrasonic Evaluation of Bone

Häusler¹,

Rich²,

Barry

1997

Calcif Tissue Int

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Ultrasonic devices for the measurement of speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) generally use either a contact or water bath method. The aim of this study was to compare these two methods while determining the influence of soft tissue, pathlength (heel width and bone width), and a fixed heel dimension on SOS (m/second) and BUA (dB/MHz). Ultrasonic measurements were made using a CUBA Research system utilizing a pair of 1 MHz unfocused transducers with mean precision CV = 0.7% and 6.0% for all SOS and BUA measurements, respectively. SOS and BUA were determined in 24 human cadaveric heels under three conditions: contact method (heel intact), water bath method (heel intact), water bath method (no soft tissue). Although there were significant differences between measurements using contact and water bath techniques (heel intact), their correlations were high (r = 0.858 for SOS and r = 0. 937 for BUA; P < 0.001). After removal of soft tissue, SOS significantly increased (78 m/second; P < 0.001) whereas there was no change in BUA (P > 0.05). Heel width correlated with SOS measurements (-0.224 < r < -0.347; P < 0.001) and bone width correlated with BUA measurements (0.198 < r < 0.276; P < 0.001). The practice of using a fixed heel dimension (Lunar Achilles) was investigated by comparing SOS calculated with measured heel thickness and a value of 4 cm (Lunar Achilles). SOS increased by 42 m/second (2.7%) using the fixed heel dimension compared with measured heel widths. This study demonstrates the similarity between contact and water bath-based methods, while showing that the presence of soft tissue reduces SOS but has no effect on BUA. The use of a fixed heel dimension for calculation of SOS overestimates values obtained when using measured heel dimensions, though the values correlate highly (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). In addition, an increase in heel width tends to cause an underestimation of SOS whereas an increase in bone width tends to overestimate BUA, although the effects are relatively small.

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Section: Influence Of Soft Tissue and A Fixed Heel Dimensionsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Water Bath and Contact Methods in Ultrasonic Evaluation of Bone

Häusler¹,

Rich²,

Barry

1997

Calcif Tissue Int

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“…B U A of the calcaneus correlates with bone density measurements at the same site [8], and with total bone volume determined by histomorphometric techniques at the same site [4]. This preliminary study demonstrates that B U A of the calcaneus can be used to predict BMD of the spine and femur with a low SEE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Broadband ultrasound attenuation of the calcaneus predicts lumbar and femoral neck density in Caucasian women: A preliminary study

Baran

McCarthy²,

Leahey

et al. 1991

Osteoporosis Int

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Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of ultrasound techniques to differentiate normal and osteoporotic women. To define the ability of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the calcaneus to predict axial bone mass, the ultrasound value was correlated with lumbar vertebral and femoral neck density in 22 Caucasian women. The three measures of bone mass inversely correlated with age: lumbar density (r = 0.54), femoral neck density (r = 0.65), and BUA (r = 0.73). BUA correlated with lumbar (r = 0.83) and femoral neck (r = 0.87) density. Lumbar vertebral density predicted femoral neck density with a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 0.07 g/cm2, and femoral neck density predicted lumbar density with a SEE of 0.09 g/cm2. BUA of the calcaneus was as effective as either axial bone mass measure in predicting the other value: the SEE for lumbar density was 0.09 g/cm2 while that for femoral neck density was only 0.06 g/cm2. The results of this preliminary study indicate that this rapid, radiation-free technique can accurately predict axial bone mass, and may be of value as an initial procedure to discriminate those women warranting more extensive radiologic evaluations.

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“…The limitation of the technology is that the relationship between the us parameters measured and trabecular structure is not fully understood but there have been some associations reported. Ultrasound transmission velocity, VOS, is proportional to the elastic modulus, compressive, and yield strengths of the bone [22] and there is a good correlation between BUA and physical density (r ‫ס‬ 0.85, P < 0.0001 [23]). In vitro studies of trabecular microstructure have demonstrated an inverse correlation between the us transmission velocity and the degree of trabecular separation [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of 10 Weeks Military Training on Heel Ultrasound and Bone Turnover

et al. 1999

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To measure the physiological changes in bone in response to strenuous exercise we performed a prospective study of male army recruits over 10 weeks of basic training. Measurements performed at the start and completion of training consisted of ultrasound (US) measurements of the heel: velocity of sound (VOS in m/seconds) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA in dB/MHz) and bone turnover markers; osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Forty subjects were recruited for the study and 26 completed training. Over the 10-week study period there was a significant 1.7% fall in mean VOS [mean paired difference (mpd) 27.2 m/second, SEM 9.5 (95% CI 7.5-46.8) P = 0.009] and a nonsignificant 3.4% increase in BUA (P = 0.159). There were significant falls in markers of bone formation OC [11.6%, mpd 0. 11 microg/liter (95% CI 0.07-0.14) P < 0.001] and BALP [13.3%, mpd 3. 49 U/liter (CI 0.80-6.18) P = 0.013] and a nonsignificant 9.5% fall in TRAP a marker of bone resorption. The 10 recruits subsequently injured had a significantly lower VOS on entry [mean difference 24.2 m/seconds (95% CI 4.6-43.7) P = 0.017] and nonsignificantly raised BUA and baseline levels of all bone markers. The ultrasound changes may be accounted for by increase in trabecular separation and a fall in trabecular connectivity due to microfracture. The decrease in bone markers implies a fall in bone turnover.

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Assessment of broadband ultrasound attenuation in the os calcis in vitro

Cited by 105 publications

References 10 publications

Water Bath and Contact Methods in Ultrasonic Evaluation of Bone

Water Bath and Contact Methods in Ultrasonic Evaluation of Bone

Broadband ultrasound attenuation of the calcaneus predicts lumbar and femoral neck density in Caucasian women: A preliminary study

The Effects of 10 Weeks Military Training on Heel Ultrasound and Bone Turnover

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