“…Many studies have investigated ABR testing for early detection of brainstem dysfunction in patients with MMC. 1,5,6,12,14,18,19,21,33 Waves I, III, and V of the ABR are believed to originate from the distal auditory nerve, cochlear nucleus, and lateral lemniscus, respectively. 17 The IPL between Waves I and V (I-V IPL), which reflects conduction time from inner ear to midbrain, is prolonged in most patients with MMC.…”