Assessment of Bovine Tuberculosis and Its Risk Factors in Cattle and Humans, at and around Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was carried out from February, 2012 to June, 2013 using comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test on 440 individual live cattle kept in 118 housholds/farms to determine the prevalence of, and to identify the risk factors associated with, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) infection in cattle and to assess the public awareness on its zoonotic importance through structured questionnaires at and around Dilla town, southern Ethiopia. The herd and individual cattle prevalence of bovine tuberculin positivity were 15.3% (95%, Confidence interval (CI): 8.7 to 21.8) and 4.3% (95%, CI: 2.4 to 6.2), respectively at cutoff greater than 4 mm. The herd prevalence of BTB varied significantly among herd size (P=0.019) and management conditions (P=0.031). Herds which had 5-9 and more than 9 cattle were six (Odds ratio (OR) = 6.4) and twelve (OR=12.0) times more reactive to bovine tuberculin testing than herds that had less than or equals to four cattle in their farms. Among the animal related risk factors only breed (P=0.020) had a significant association with the prevalence of bovine tuberculin positivity with the highest odds ratio in Holstein breeds (OR= 6.1) as compared to Zebu and cross (Holstein X Zebu) breeds. Less than one third (29.7%; 35 of 118) of the respondents recognized BTB, and only 22.9% (27/118) of the respondents had understanding of its zoonotic implication. Awareness rising of cattle owners about BTB and its transmission, and the zoonotic implication of BTB is of extreme importance for effective implementation of TB control measures.

Preliminary investigation of the transmission of tuberculosis between farmers and their cattle in smallholder farms in northwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…Respondents’ awareness on BTB was generally poor (34.3%, 24/70), and magnifies the public health implication of the disease in the study area. Our finding is consistent with 35, 25.7, 6.9, 29.7 and 15% awareness levels reported in earlier Ethiopian studies [12, 13, 17, 27, 28]. The low level of awareness observed in the present study could also be related to the low level of BTB in the study area.…”

Prevalence of camel tuberculosis and associated risk factors in camels slaughtered at Akaki Abattoir, Ethiopia

“…But it is higher than the reports of Mamo et al (2009) at Dire Dawa, and Gumi et al (2011) in Southern Ethiopia. Similarly, it is significantly higher than previously reported prevalence of some other authors at different sites in Ethiopia (Gumi et al, 2011(Gumi et al, , 2012Tamiru et al, 2013;Admasu et al, 2014;Ameni and Aklilu, 2007;Romha et al, 2014;Nuru et al, 2015), in Zambia (Pandey et al, 2013), in Ecuador (Proano-Perez et al, 2009) in Bangladesh (Mondal et al, 2014).…”

“…However, prevalence of 13.93% for Borena and 32.81% for Metehara origin camels at a cut off value ≥ 2mm was observed and this was statistically significant (χ 2 = 13.46, P= 0.000). Some other recent studies reported strong association between breed type and tuberculin positive reactivity for cattle in different sites at a cut off value ≥ 4mm (Admasu et al, 2014;Romha et al, 2014;Zeru et al, 2014;Nuru et al, 2015). This prevalence report was significantly higher for Metehara camels than Borena camels.…”

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Human and Bovine Tuberculosis Among Cattle Owners in Ethiopia

“…This result was in agreement with a study conducted in Addis Ababa that reported 99.5% [14] and in southern Ethiopia 99.6% [15], who found a profound awareness on human TB among high school students. Nevertheless, [21] indicated a lower (29.7%) awareness on TB occurrence in animals among cattle owners in the southern part of Ethiopia. Likewise, [22] reported that 69.0% of respondents have no information about bTB among the community in the Gambella region, southwest Ethiopia.…”

“…In line with this, [14] reported similar results among high school students in Addis Ababa. Likewise, [31] and [21] highlighted that only 22.9% and 16.6% of respondents believed the fact that TB can be acquired from animals, respectively. Apart from the variation due to the study population's differences in multicultural practice in the respective study areas, it also implicates the wide knowledge gap among the general community regardless of age group.…”