Assessment of biological activities of chitosan Schiff base tagged with medicinal plants

Abstract

A chitosan Schiff base with an aromatic aldehyde was synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the degree of substitution was calculated based on the ratios of the area of the proton of the imine (Aimine) and the area of the peak of the proton of the pyranose ring (AH‐2). The antimicrobial activities were determined against bacterial and fungal strains, as well as multiple drug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. The chitosan Schiff base was also tagged with medicinal plants, for example, Curcuma longa, Peganum harmala, Lepidium sativam, and cruciferous vegetables, and the biological activities determined against pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The chitosan Schiff base showed maximum zone of inhibition of 22 mm against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum zone of inhibition of 15 mm against Bacillus cereus. The chitosan Schiff base was fused with C longa, isothiocyanates and a combined mixture of P harmala and L sativam that has shown activities against Escherichia coli with a zone of inhibition of 28, 24, and 30 mm, respectively. The Schiff base of chitosan fused with medicinal plants also showed significant inhibitory activities against MDR bacteria.

Expanding Chitosan Reticular Chemistry Using Multifunctional and Thermally Stable Phosphorus-Containing Dendrimers

“…Since shaping of chitosan as micrometer-thick films would necessitate the use of acetic acid as a solubilizing agent (see below), we have also investigated the effect of acetic acid on the cross-linking. Although general wisdom suggests the reversibility of CN linking and possible cleavage under acidic conditions, many conflicting reports have rather claimed that the use of a small amount of an acid can boost the formation of the CN Schiff base. − We have indeed nicely noticed an improvement in the cross-linking occurring between aldehyde-terminated DG 2 and amine groups of chitosan as illustrated by the typical beige color observed for the harvested powder and the well-resolved 13 C and 31 P NMR spectra recorded for such powders (Figure S4). In addition, the DRIFT spectrum shows that the broad signal at 3000–3500 cm –1 vanishes, pointing to substantial consumption of NH 2 belonging to chitosan (Figure S4).…”

Recent Progress in Metal‐Incorporated Acyclic Schiff‐Base Derivatives: Biological Aspects

“…Numerous Schiff-bases and their derivatives have been reported to possess promising biological properties and several review articles have been published in the past few years. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Recently, review articles regarding the biological applications of macrocyclic Schiff-base ligands and their metal complexes have been published. [32,34] However, no comprehensive review has been published recently on the biological properties of metallic derivatives of acyclic Schiff-base ligands.…”

“…Numerous Schiff‐bases and their derivatives have been reported to possess promising biological properties and several review articles have been published in the past few years [37–44] . Recently, review articles regarding the biological applications of macrocyclic Schiff‐base ligands and their metal complexes have been published [32,34] .…”

“…[34] Macrocyclic Schiff-bases [32][33][34] have found important applications in macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry, and various heterocyclic Schiff-bases and their derivatives play crucial roles in medicinal chemistry. [35,36] Furthermore, depend-to their structural flexibility, they can be synthetically modified and fine-tuned for specific biological applications and many metallic [3,15,17,18,[37][38][39] and non-metallic [15,[40][41][42][43][44] derivatives of Schiffbases are being researched extensively to develop new compounds with desired biological properties. The imine or azomethine group in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of Schiff-bases have shown the considerable chemical and biological importance for the lone pair of electrons in the sp 2 -hybridized orbital of nitrogen atom of the À C=NÀ group.…”

Antibacterial and In silico evaluation of Micro and Nanocurcumin, Assessment of Wound Healing Potentiality

“…Curcuma longa (common name: Turmeric) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial owering plant of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), it is typically used for spices and as coloring agent [3]. Curcuminoids are the phytochemical components of turmeric it contains three different structures: (a) diferuloylmethane or curcumin (curcumin I, 75%), (b) dimethoxy curcumin (curcumin II, 20%), and (c) bisdemethoxycurcumin (curcumin III, 5%) [4] Investigation on pharmacological properties of curcumin has shown an extensive range of promising biological and therapeutic actions like antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria by targeting the bacterial cell membrane, cell wall, protein, DNA, and other cellular structures, or by inhibiting bacterial growth through the quorum sensing (QS) system [ 5], also its antifungal, anti-in ammatory, anticancer as well as anti-diabetic actions were detected [6] It was evident that curcumin is not soluble in water, unstable in solutions, and shows low bioavailability, poor absorption, and rapid elimination from the body [7]. These drawbacks hinder its In vivo use as a therapeutic agent, to overcome these problems, it is necessary to design an advanced drug delivery system that can enhance the therapeutic translation of curcumin [8].…”