Assessment of biofilm formation of E. meningoseptica, D. acidovorans, and S. maltophilia in lens cases and their growth on recovery media

Liu, Lucy; Seo, Jung-Hee; McCanna, David J.; Subbaraman, Lakshman N.; Jones, Lyndon

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2015.09.001

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…An alternative method, the MTT assay, to determine biofilm viability was thus employed in the final stage of the study. This methodology clearly distinguished those solutions, which had a bactericidal effect on organisms within the biofilm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has the advantage that it can be rapidly performed in a clinical setting and the case shown to the patient for reinforcement of case hygiene. However, for purposes of assessment of disinfecting action against biofilm, MTT is necessary to differentiate between dead, but still adherent cells, and viable cells . Killing the biofilm will prevent transfer of organisms from the lens case to the lens during the lens insertion process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, although it is able to demonstrate the presence of biofilm, it is not able to determine whether a solution can kill organisms in the biofilm. An alternative method, the MTT assay, 18,22 to determine biofilm viability was thus employed in the final stage of the study. This methodology clearly distinguished those solutions, which had a bactericidal effect on organisms within the biofilm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of prevention and disruption of biofilm in contact lens cases

Cho

Boost

2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose The presence of biofilm in the lens case has been shown to be a risk factor for contamination of lenses and consequently microbial keratitis. This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of solutions for rigid contact lenses in prevention and disruption of biofilm in lens cases and methods for biofilm detection. Method This study adopted a stepwise approach to evaluate effectiveness of four rigid lens disinfecting solutions against biofilm. These included two polyhexamethylene bigiuanide (PHMB) solutions and a chlorhexidine/PHMB‐based solution, as well as a novel povidone‐iodine formulation. The presence of biofilm following exposure to the solutions was assessed using both crystal violet (CV) staining and MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) viability assay, taking into account the effect of lens case design. Three lens case designs, conventional flat, large bucket type, and cylindrical cases, were investigated for the ability to trap stain and allow biofilm formation. Results Considerable differences were noted between solutions in their ability to prevent and disrupt biofilm (p < 0.001). Lens case design greatly influenced optical density (OD) measurements even in negative controls, as cylindrical cases trapped more stain, increasing OD readings. Correcting for this factor reduced variations, but could not differentiate between residues and biofilm. MTT assay revealed that both povidone‐iodine and chlorhexidine‐containing solutions could effectively kill > 95% of organisms, whilst PHMB‐based solutions were less effective with up to 55% of staphylococci and 41% of Pseudomonas surviving at 24 h. Conclusion Biofilm can rapidly form in lens cases and may not be killed by disinfecting solutions. Of the solutions tested, none were able to prevent biofilm formation or disrupt established biofilm, but those containing chlorhexidine or povidone iodine were able to penetrate the biofilm and kill organisms. Assessment of biofilm by CV assay may be confounded by lens case design. Whilst CV assay can demonstrate presence of biofilm, this technique should be accompanied by viability assay to determine bactericidal activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of prevention and disruption of biofilm in contact lens cases

Cho

Boost

2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Gram‐negative Achromabacter , Stenotrophomonas and Delftia have recently been identified as scaffold organisms in biofilm on CL cases and CLs of keratitis patients . In addition, Elizabethkingia forms biofilms on CL cases . These four organisms have physiology similar to Pseudomonas ; however, virulence is lower and antibiotic resistance profiles are different from those of Pseudomonas .…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnosis and management of contact lens‐related microbial keratitis

Carnt

Samarawickrama

White

et al. 2017

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Contact lens-associated microbial keratitis poses a diagnostic dilemma for optometrists on two fronts. The distinction between sterile inflammation and microbial infection is often blurred. In addition, there is a requirement with nearly 50 per cent of the Australian and New Zealand optometric profession being therapeutically endorsed, to distinguish between cases of infection that can be managed in the community verses those that require escalation to public hospitals that have access to laboratory diagnostic tools and advanced imaging techniques, such as in vivo confocal microscopy. Pattern recognition and incorporation of knowledge of aetiology and risk factors assists optometrists to decide on optimal management strategies. Skilled optometrists will utilise emerging diagnostic and therapeutic technologies to ensure safe management strategies and better outcomes for these cases.

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“…There are a few methods and specific media, which allow bacteria to form biofilm: Brain heart infusion and Tryptic soy broth, etc. [9][10][11][12][13][14]. In nature, bacteria exist as communities and it is difficult to detect the biofilm formers among them.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and Rapid Method for Detecting Biofilm Forming Bacteria

et al. 2016

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Biofilm forming bacteria play a vital role in causing infectious diseases and for enhancing the efficiency of the bioremediation process through immobilization. Different media and conditions have been reported for detecting biofilm forming bacteria, however, they are not quite rapid. Here, we propose the use of a simple medium which can be used for detecting biofilm former, and also provide a mechanism to regulate the expression of biofilm formation process.

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Assessment of biofilm formation of E. meningoseptica, D. acidovorans, and S. maltophilia in lens cases and their growth on recovery media

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Evaluation of prevention and disruption of biofilm in contact lens cases

Evaluation of prevention and disruption of biofilm in contact lens cases

The diagnosis and management of contact lens‐related microbial keratitis

Simple and Rapid Method for Detecting Biofilm Forming Bacteria

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