Assessment of Bioavailability after In Vitro Digestion and First Pass Metabolism of Bioactive Peptides from Collagen Hydrolysates

Abstract

Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are composed of bioactive peptides (BAPs), which possess health enhancing properties. There is a knowledge gap regarding the bioavailability of these BAPs that involves intestinal transport and hepatic first pass effects. A simulated gastrointestinal model was used to generate digesta from two CHs (CH-GL and CH-OPT), which were applied to a novel transwell co-culture of human intestinal epithelium cell line-6 (HIEC-6) and hepatic (HepG2) cells to simulate in vivo conditions of absorption and first pass metabolism. Peptide transport, hepatic first pass effects, and bioavailability were determined by measuring BAPs (Gly-Pro, Hyp-Gly, Ala-Hyp, Pro-Hyp, Gly-Pro-Hyp) using an innovative capillary electrophoresis method. All peptides were transported across the intestinal cell layer to varying degrees with both CHs; however, Gly-Pro-Hyp was transported only with CH-GL, but not CH-OPT. Notable hepatic production was observed for Ala-Hyp with both CH treatments, and for Pro-Hyp and Gly-Pro with CH-GL only. All peptides were bioavailable (>10%), except for Gly-Pro-Hyp after CH-OPT. Overall, a high degree of transport and hepatic first pass effects on CH-derived BAPs were observed. Further research is needed to explore the hepatic mechanisms related to the production of BAPs and the bifunctional effects of the bioavailable BAPs noted in this study.

Collagen Hydrolysates: A Source of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Food Sources for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis

“…The concurrent analysis of the free AA content, as they may also contribute to CH bioactivity, was determined using LC-MS equipped with a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-Z column. Digestion efficiency and the release of different peptide sequences are a direct result of differing CH preparation or purification methods to ensure that CHs are more digestible and can impact peptide profile, bioavailability, and downstream bioactivity [ 77 , 90 , 91 ].…”

“…The human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2, has frequently been used to assess the SI absorption of drugs, nutrients, and dietary components, as well as CH and CH-derived peptides [ 76 , 91 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. The bioavailability of CH peptides typically depended on the hydrolysis method used to generate the CHs [ 90 ].…”

“…In that regard, investigating the prebiotic effects of CHs could prove significant for OA as there is a growing connection between gut health and joint health. Recent studies by our group have assessed the bioavailability of CH-derived BAPs utilizing a HIEC-6/HepG2 co-culture to more accurately simulate the in vivo conditions of absorption, as well as assess the first-pass effects of BAPs [91]. Peptide transport, firstpass effects, and bioavailability between the two different bovine-sourced CHs were determined via the measurement of BAPs (Gly-Pro, Hyp-Gly, Ala-Hyp, Pro-Hyp, Gly-Pro-Hyp) via CE.…”

Sea cucumber (Acaudina leucoprocta) peptides extended the lifespan and enhanced antioxidant capacity via DAF-16/DAF-2/SOD-3/OLD-1/PEPT-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…Sea cucumber peptides (SCPs) obtained from A. leucoprocta by protease hydrolysis, and isolated and purified by neutral proteinase complex are small molecule peptides ( 9 ). The study of the bioavailability of bioactive peptides after in vitro digestion and first metabolism revealed that all peptides were transported across the intestinal cell layer to varying degrees, and are not metabolized by the liver ( 10 ). It has also been shown that the diversity of peptides increases after in vitro gastric and small intestinal digestion ( 11 ).…”

An Isotonic Drink containing Pacific cod (<em>Gadus macrocephalus</em>) Processing Waste Collagen Hydrolysate for Prevention of Bone and Cartilage Disorders

“…Hydrolyzed collagen, as a source of specific amino acids, can perform a building function and be a material for the formation of new collagen fibrils in the connective tissues of cartilage, thereby restoring them after damage [7]. Short collagen-derived peptides consisting of two or three amino acids are easily absorbed in the intestine [8]. If the collagen-derived peptides are consumed, the process of protein digestion in the gastrointestinal tract is facilitated [9], and the level of amino acids entering the cartilage increases; those amino acids are used further in collagen biosynthesis in chondrocytes [10].…”