Assessment of bicycle–car accidents under four different types of collision

Abstract

Bicycle riders are among the highest risk group in traffic. A cyclist simulation study captured kinematics and injuries to legs, pelvis, neck, and head for one human body size. We analyzed the number of parameters (forces acting on left and right tibia, head injury criterion, neck tensile force, neck shear force, and pelvic acceleration) for each of the four different cases: bicyclist ride out-residential driveway, motorist overtaking-undetected bicyclist, bicyclist left turn-same direction, and bicyclist right turn-opposite direction. The comparison of simulation outcomes for leg injuries with official hospital records has shown a very good correlation in terms of injury severity prediction. This study concludes that if countermeasures to prevent fatal cyclist injury in car impacts were to be concentrated on mitigating head and neck impact to the windscreen of the car, a dominant share of fatal cyclist crashes and severe traumatic head injury cases at collision speeds exceeding 40 km/h could be prevented.

Numerical Assessment of a Safety System to Minimize Injuries during a Cyclist Run-Over

“…It can be explained due to the different geometry between the fronts of the vehicles used because the cyclist's head hits a higher area of the windshield at this speed, which has a higher stiffness, which significantly increases HIC. On the other hand, Raslavicius et al use a multibody solver, while this work uses a finite element model that can make specific differences in body deformations in contact during impact [7]. The results obtained are steady with the severity of the literature's injuries by agreeing that this crash scenario generates severe or fatal injuries [8,28].…”

“…The Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool (PBCAT) distinguishes around 79 scenarios that consider different factors such as the vehicle's position before the impact, the direction in which one respects the other, and the impact causes [6]. The scenario reported a greater probability of cyclist death, where the motor vehicle is moving in the same direction as the cyclist and the bicycle is reached in the rear side by the front of the car; this scenario is called the overtaking scenario [7,8]. Also, in National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the database called Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) from 2008 to 2012, the crash scenario that presented the highest death rate of the cyclist in the United States is the overtaking crash scenario [9], repeating this trend in subsequent years until 2017, which is the last update.…”

Head kinematics study of E-bicycle rider in car to E-bicycle side collisions

“…Raslavicius et al 5 studied bicycle–car accidents under four different types of collision and concluded that it is very important to mitigate head and neck impact to the windscreen of the car. If so, a dominant share of fatal cyclist crashes and severe traumatic head injury cases at collision speeds exceeding 40 km/h could be prevented.…”

An investigation on fatality of drivers in vehicle–fixed object accidents on expressways in China: Using multinomial logistic regression model

“…When only factors like impact position and vehicle speed are considered in the study, establishing a verified numerical simulation model is a better approach to do the research. [36][37][38] By establishing a verified numerical simulation model, Raslavicˇius et al 39 studied the effects of factors like impact location and direction on injury severity of the bicycler. The aim of this article is to investigate the influences of various factors, most of which are categorical variables, on fatality of the driver.…”