Assessment of behaviour and cracking susceptibility of cementitious systems under restrained conditions through ring tests: A critical review

Kanavaris, Fragkoulis; Azenha, Miguel; Soutsos, Marios; Kovler, Konstantin

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.10.016

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(208 reference statements)

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“…This can be explained based on the bond between the fibers and the cementitious materials. As the bond strength between the fibers and the cement paste increases, a simultaneous increase in the overall stiffness of the fiber–cement paste composite will occur [ 38 ]. This creates a restraining effect which results in a reduction of the overall shrinkage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of 3D Printable Cementitious Composites with the Incorporation of Polypropylene Fibers

et al. 2021

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Similar to conventional cast concrete, printable materials require reinforcement to counteract their low tensile strength. However, as traditional reinforcement strategies are not commonly used in 3D print applications, fiber reinforcement can serve as an alternative. This study aims to assess the influence of different polypropylene fiber lengths (3 and 6 mm, denoted as M3 and M6, respectively) and dosages (0.1 and 0.3% volume fraction) on the workability, pore structure, mechanical and shrinkage behavior of 3D printable cementitious materials. Fresh state observations revealed that the addition of a higher fiber volume decreased the workability of the material, irrespective of the fiber length as a result of the lower water film thickness (WFT). In hardened state, a marginal increase in total porosity could be observed when adding fibers to the mix composition. In addition, the flexural strength was found to increase with the addition of fibers, while no significant difference was observed in compressive strength. The increase in flexural strength was more pronounced in the case of longer-sized M6 fibers. Finally, the total drying shrinkage behavior was evaluated using mold-cast prisms. The addition of M6 fibers showed no beneficial effect in reducing total free shrinkage, while a reduction in total free shrinkage was observed when using M3 fibers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of 3D Printable Cementitious Composites with the Incorporation of Polypropylene Fibers

et al. 2021

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“…There have been different arrangements for restraining devices developed, viz plate tests, ring tests and longitudinal tests. Plate and ring tests are out of the scope of this review whilst more relevant information can be found in Bentur and Kovler 15 and Kanavaris et al 16 respectively. Longitudinal tests have, generally, been popular as they enable a material characterisation of paste, mortar and, most importantly, concrete, accounting for the processes for autogenous and drying shrinkage, as well as cement hydration.…”

Section: Significance Of Restraining Devices For Time‐dependent Behavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal restraining devices for the evaluation of structural behaviour of cement‐based materials: The past, present and prospective trends

Kanavaris

Azenha

Schlicke

et al. 2020

Strain

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The problem of thermal and shrinkage cracking in concrete has been long recognised by researchers and engineers as it can jeopardise the intended serviceability of a concrete structure. This has led researchers to develop testing devices which aim to simulate the behaviour of concrete under restrained deformations. Such devices are discerned in passive and active, depending on how concrete's movement is restrained, whilst a new type of devices has been developed to account for the combined effects of intrinsic restrained deformations and externally imposed actions. This paper presents a detailed and critical literature review on the developed restraining devices and an analysis of the capabilities, complexities and peculiarities associated with their use. Further to this, the challenges the developers of testing devices are faced with, the gaps and uncertainties with the methods found in the literature and recommendations for potential improvements in the field are discussed. K E Y W O R D Screep and shrinkage, heat of hydration, restraining devices, restraint, shrinkage cracking, thermal cracking, viscoelasticity

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“…The early age shrinkage, heat release and creep of concrete were normally the main concerns of these studies [5,21,22,23]. The evolution of the restrained stress in concrete was also studied, mostly with the ring tests [24,25,26,27,28]. The early age cracking of cement-based materials in the ring tests mainly resulted from the stress caused by the (autogenous and drying) shrinkage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Thermal and Shrinkage Stresses in Restrained High-Performance Concrete

Yang

Huang

et al. 2019

Materials

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The early age volume deformation is the main course for the cracking of high-performance concrete (HPC). Hence, the shrinkage behavior and the restrained stress development of HPC under different restraints and curing conditions were experimentally studied in this paper. The method to separate the stress components in the total restraint stress was proposed. The total restrained stress was separated into autogenous shrinkage stress, drying shrinkage stress and thermal stress. The results showed that the developments of the free shrinkage (autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage) and the restrained stress were accelerated when the drying began; but the age when the drying began did not significantly influence the long-term shrinkage and restrained stress of HPC; the autogenous shrinkage stress continuously contributed to the development of the total restrained stress in HPC; the drying shrinkage stress developed very rapidly soon after the drying began; and the thermal stress was generated when the temperature dropped. The thermal stress was predominant at the early age, but the contributions of the three stresses to the total restrained stress were almost the same at the age of 56 d in this study.

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Assessment of behaviour and cracking susceptibility of cementitious systems under restrained conditions through ring tests: A critical review

Cited by 37 publications

References 89 publications

Development of 3D Printable Cementitious Composites with the Incorporation of Polypropylene Fibers

Development of 3D Printable Cementitious Composites with the Incorporation of Polypropylene Fibers

Longitudinal restraining devices for the evaluation of structural behaviour of cement‐based materials: The past, present and prospective trends

Evaluation of the Thermal and Shrinkage Stresses in Restrained High-Performance Concrete

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