Assessment of anxiety and depression levels of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in a case-control study

Abstract

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the depression and anxiety levels of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum by using the Beck depression and anxiety inventory scoring system in a Turkish population. Material and Methods:To ascertain this relationship, a case-control study was conducted involving 86 pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy. Forty-one subjects had hyperemesis gravidarum, and 45 were healthy pregnant women who served as control subjects. The groups were adjusted for age, parity, and body mass index. All included women were subjected to baseline laboratory investigations including serum TSH and total hCG levels.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to the demographic and obstetric parameters and baseline laboratory investigations except the mean serum potassium level, which was significantly lower in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum than in the control group (p=0.039). Patients with hyperemesis gravidarum had significantly higher depression and anxiety scores than control cases (p=0.0001 and p=0.049, respectively). Conclusion:Our results suggest that increased anxiety and depression levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum and extra psychological support may be necessary during the treatment and follow-up of these patients. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2012; 13: 32-6) Key words: Hyperemesis gravidarum, depression, anxiety, pregnancy, psychological tests Received: 1 August, 2011 Accepted: 20 November, 2011 Amaç: Bu yazıda Beck anksiyete ve depresyon skorlama sistemi kullanılarak hiperemezisli gebelerde anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri-nin araştırılması amaçlandı.

The Evaluation of Attachment Style and Temperament in Patients With Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Does the Idea That Hyperemesis Gravidarum Has a Psychological Origin Persist?

“…Hizli et al, reporting on their prospective casecontrol study, determined that depression risk is raised in patients with HG, and psychiatric consultation should be made for these patients (37). Sımsek et al, suggested that increased anxiety and depression levels may be embedded in the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum (17). We found that depressive temperament was more frequent in HG patients than controls, and that depressive temperament was also more frequent in patients that showed more less recent pregnancy desire.…”

“…On the other hand, Tan et al reported that much of the psychological distress in acute hyperemesis gravidarum is self-limiting and probably in the causal pathway of hyperemesis gravidarum (14). Simsek et al, suggested that increased anxiety and depression levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum (17).…”

Eating attitudes, depression and anxiety levels of patients with hyperemesis gravidarum hospitalized in an obstetrics and gynecology clinic

“…Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is defined as the severe form of nausea and vomiting occurring in pregnancy that is usually characterized by dehydration, malnutrition and bodyweight loss more than 5% (5). Prevalence of HG was found to be varying between 0.3% and 2% (2,6).…”

“…HG adversely affects not only the physical condition of the pregnant but also her mental health and quality of life; and functional impairment could be seen. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of HG have not been fully enlightened, endocrinological and psychosocial factors are suggested to take a role in its occurrence (2,5,7,8). Conflicting opinions have been published about the association of HG with psychiatric diseases in the literature (8).…”

“…Prevalence of mental diseases in patients with the diagnosis of HG has been displayed to be more than that of the healthy control groups in various studies (9). Severity of depression and anxiety in pregnant with HG was found to be more, when compared to healthy pregnant (5). Major depression, generalized anxiety disorder and some personality disorders were detected to be more prevalent in pregnant with HG (3).…”