Assessment of anthropogenic threats to Chilean Mediterranean freshwater ecosystems: Literature review and expert opinions

Fierro, Pablo; Valdovinos, Claudio; Arisméndi, Iván; Díaz, Gustavo; Gamboa, Margarita Ruiz De; Arriagada, Loretto

doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2019.02.010

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Overexploitation of silversides and puyes for food purposes occurs in rural areas throughout Chile [11]. Juvenile stage puyes are consumed whole by humans, whereas only the muscle is edible in adult stages of silversides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Two Edible Fish Species and Water from North Patagonia Estuary

et al. 2021

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Estuaries worldwide have been severely degraded and become reservoirs for many types of pollutants, such as heavy metals. This study investigated the levels of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in water and whole fish. We sampled 40 juvenile silversides Odontesthes regia and 41 juvenile puye Galaxias maculatus from the Valdivia River estuary, adjacent to the urban area in southern South America (Chile). Samples were analyzed using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In water samples, metals except Zn were mostly below the detection limits and all metals were below the maximum levels established by local guidelines in this estuary. In whole fish samples, concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Cd were significantly higher in puyes than in silversides. Additionally, Zn, Pb, and Mn were correlated to body length and weight in puyes, whereas Cd was correlated to body length in silversides. The mean concentration of heavy metals in silverside and puyes were higher than those reported in the literature. In silversides, all heavy metal levels were below the limits permitted by current legislation (FAO), whereas in puyes Pb and Cd levels were above the recommended maximum level established by international guidelines, therefore putting the human population at risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A puye is considered juvenile until it is approximately 5.8 cm long, whereas adults can be up to 14 cm long. O. regia and G. maculatus form part of the diet of birds, mammals, and fish and are also captured by artisanal fishermen, who make up a significant part of the fishing economy in southern Chile [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Two Edible Fish Species and Water from North Patagonia Estuary

et al. 2021

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“…Another reason is the deterioration of water quality due to exposure to industrial, agricultural waste, and sewage, which leads to the decay of the aquatic environment, and the entry, spread of invasive and alien species, all these problems produced a change in the composition of fish populations [4][5][6][7] . However, the principal dangers to biodiversity are the ecological variances, contamination, natural changes, and overexploit of the stocks, besides obtrusive species [8][9][10] . Geographic information systems technics provided an integrated environment to view and analyze data obtained from the satellite image, field measurements, and laboratory analyses, by presenting the information in form layers, output maps for each factor of fish assemblage and perform spatial analysis and predict the value of any investigated factors in any site of the river 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of GIS technique in the studies on fish assemblages in Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq

Lazem

2022

Baghdad Sci.J

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The present study has examined the spatiotemporal varieties of the demographics of the Shatt Al-Arab River fishes and their relation to some ecological components. The aim is to forecast these groups in the unexplored parts of the waterway with an emphasis on environmental indices of diversity. Three sites in the river were selected as an observation and study of these species, which lasted from March 2019 to February 2020, the study dealt with factors affecting fishes, as Water Temperature (WT), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Potential Hydrogen Ion (pH), Salinity (Sal), and Transparency (Tra). Gill nets, cast nets, hooks, and hand nets were adopted to collecting fish. The results indicated that the fish population comprises 60 species representing 13 orders, 28 families, all species belonged to Osteichthyes except for one (Carcharhinus leucas) which belonged to Chondrichthyes. Cyprinidae is the prevalent family embraced by nine species. WT (12.1-33.4°C) has a considerable influence on the total number of species and individuals to the north of the watercourse. However, salinity (0.9-8.7 mg/L) was regarded as the essential impact on the composition, distribution, and abundance of species in the rest sites. Planiliza abu was the most abundant species attaining 20.21%, followed by Oreochromis aureus (16.41%), and Carassius auratus ranked (15.92%), the dominance (D3) value was 52.54%. The results of the current study showed that most of the diversity index values are considered a moderate status. On the other hand, the majority of the richness index values are viewed as semi disturbed status in all stations, while most of the values recorded of the evenness index are deemed as semibalanced status. The application of GIS technique by using the ordinary kriging method showed high efficiency in the Shatt Al-Arab River. Therefore, this technique can be employed in environmental studies of fishes.

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“…In Chile, the biota of the transition zone between Mediterranean and temperate climate approximately between 35 • and 40 • S.L., presents an extraordinarily high level of endemism [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. At the same time this region has been subject to dramatic land use changes driven by extensive agricultural and silvicultural activities, so that the managed and natural woodlands in Central Southern Chile nowadays form a mosaic of often largescale timber plantations of exotic Pinus radiata D. Don or Eucalyptus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite Sepedonium (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile

et al. 2021

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We present the first major survey of regional diversity, distribution and host-association of Sepedonium. Whereas the rather scarce worldwide records of this mycoparasitic fungus suggested no specific distribution pattern of most species before, we provide new evidence of endemic and specific host-parasite guilds of Sepedonium in Southern South America, including the description of a new species. The corresponding inventory was performed in temperate central Chile. The regional landscape, a mosaic of exotic timber plantations and remnants of native Nothofagus forests, facilitates a unique combination of endemic and adventitious Boletales hosts. During a two-year survey, 35 Sepedonium strains were isolated and cultured from infected basidiomata of allochthonous Chalciporus piperatus, Paxillus involutus, Rhizopogon spp. and Suillus spp., as well as from the native Boletus loyita, B. loyo, B. putidus and Gastroboletus valdivianus. Taxonomic diagnosis included morphology of conidia and conidiophores, sequences of ITS, RPB2 and EF1 molecular markers and characteristics of in vitro cultures. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Bayesian methods. Four Sepedonium species could be identified and characterized, viz.: S. ampullosporum, S. chrysospermum, S. laevigatum and the newly described species S. loyorum. The most frequent species on introduced Boletales was S. ampullosporum, followed by S. chrysospermum and S. laevigatum. S. loyorum sp. nov. was found exclusively on native boletacean hosts, separated from its closest relative S. chalcipori by micromorphological and molecular attributes. Species descriptions and identification keys are provided. Ecological and biogeographical aspects of endemic and allochthonous symbiotic units consisting of mycoparasite, ectomycorrhizal fungal host and respective mycorrhizal tree are discussed.

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Assessment of anthropogenic threats to Chilean Mediterranean freshwater ecosystems: Literature review and expert opinions

Cited by 31 publications

References 79 publications

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Two Edible Fish Species and Water from North Patagonia Estuary

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Two Edible Fish Species and Water from North Patagonia Estuary

Application of GIS technique in the studies on fish assemblages in Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq

Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite Sepedonium (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile

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