Assessment of Anger Terms in Hebrew: A Gender Comparison

Abstract

Appraisal of anger terms is based on past experience recollections, social norms, and gender roles. The objectives of this study were to find combinations of emotional components presented by a new composite variable that will exhibit differences between genders and differentiate between anger terms in Hebrew. The sample was comprised of forty students, Hebrew native speakers who participated in a web based study. Participants were asked to rate eight anger terms in Hebrew on a number of features that comprised five emotional components: subjective feelings states body reactions, expressions, action tendencies, and cognitive evaluations. A two-factor between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted. A simplified multivariate composite, defined as subjective experience minus regulation, explained 10% of the gender difference. Another simplified composite, which combines the additive effect of the subjective experience and the actions that accompany this emotional state, explained 14% of difference between the anger terms. The findings are discussed with respect to appraisal theory and social constructivist conceptualization.

A cross-cultural study on emotion expression and the learning of social norms

“…In fact, there are strong cultural differences in emotional display rules ( Matsumoto et al, 2008 ), that is, the social rules that guide the appropriate display of emotion expressions ( Ekman and Friesen, 1971 ). These differences can in part be related to differences in cultural values such as individualism and collectivism ( Matsumoto et al, 2008 ) but also openness to change ( Koopmann-Holm and Matsumoto, 2011 ) or masculinity ( Sarid, 2015 ) among others. In fact, even though cultural values underpin the establishment of display rules within a culture, it is unlikely that they depend crucially on a single dimension but rather one would expect them to be embedded into a richer cultural fabric.…”

Is It Harassment? Perceptions of Sexual Harassment Among Lawyers and Undergraduate Students

“…The impact of the above mentioned stereotypes may be particularly true in Israel, a militarist society in which masculine norms of behavior, beginning with mandatory military service, are emphasized (Sarid, 2015;Shechory-Bitton and Jaeger, 2019). Although, in recent decades, Israeli women have gained more equality (gradually more women are occupying positions traditionally regarded as exclusively male; for example, in the army), the gender perception is still that women are weaker, more vulnerable, and therefore it is also harder to attribute to them behavior interpreted as SH.…”

Determinants of Bone Mineral Screening Behavior among Three Ethno-Cultural Groups of Women in Israel

“…For example, cultures differ regarding the significance attached to individualist vs. collectivist values and norms. Masculine vs. feminine notions are another continuum along which gender roles and the behaviors derived from these roles can be studied [44]. This conceptualization forms the basis of our hypothesis that women from a conservative and patriarchal society tend to adhere to traditional gender roles and subscribe to the point of views of authoritative (male) figures (e.g., Bedouin Muslims) compared to Israeli-born Jewish women, who are raised in a more Western, individualistic culture [45][46][47].…”