Assessment and Spatiotemporal Variability of Heavy Metals Pollution in Water and Sediments of a Coastal Landscape at the Nile Delta

Abdelaal, Ahmed; Abdelkader, Ahmed I.; Alshehri, Fahad; Elatiar, Asmaa; Almadani, Sattam

doi:10.3390/w14233981

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The enrichment factor (EF) is a widely employed index in assessing the enrichment and pollution levels of heavy metals in soil and sediment, as well as determining their natural and anthropogenic sources [32][33][34]. The EF of a metal in sediment can be calculated using the following equation: EF = (X i /X r ) sediment /(X i /X r ) background (1) where X i and X r are concentrations of metal i and the reference element (Ti) in sediment samples and in the background materials, respectively.…”

Section: Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessments 231 Enrichment Fac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Lake Sediments Using Regional Background Soils in China

Wan

Gao

Song

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Background soils are frequently utilized as a surrogate to assess pollution levels and environmental risks of heavy metals in Chinese lakes. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the reliability and uncertainty of such assessments. Here, we determined heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in sediment cores from five rural lakes in North China to evaluate the reliability and uncertainty of the assessments using background soils by comparing them with assessments based on background sediments. Comparative studies reveal large uncertainties in the assessments using background soils. Among these metals, uncertainties for Hg and Cd are relatively large, whereas those for the other metals are minor. This discrepancy is due to the considerably higher natural variability of Hg and Cd in soils and sediments in comparison to the other metals. Generally, assessments utilizing background soils underestimate pollution levels and risks of Hg but overestimate those of Cd in these lakes. Despite limited human activities around the lakes, they still received a considerable influx of heavy metals via regional atmospheric transport. Assessments of the nine metals indicate moderate to considerable ecological risks in these lakes. The risks are contributed primarily (78–89%) by Hg and Cd. This study underscores the substantial uncertainties in assessing heavy metal pollution and risks using regional background soils and emphasizes the importance of controlling atmospheric emissions of Hg and Cd to mitigate pollution in rural and remote water bodies in China.

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Section: Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessments 231 Enrichment Fac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Lake Sediments Using Regional Background Soils in China

Wan

Gao

Song

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…Sustainability 2023, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 16 pollution, may lead to HM accumulation in the sediments in the upper reaches of the LTR in the Jiulongpo District. Although the possible environmental risks caused by HMs in river and lake sediments have gradually received research attention, and studies on the risk of HMs and their sources in some key river and lake basins have been conducted [21][22][23][24], studies on the environmental risk and sources of HMs in sediments in the LTR are still relatively limited [25]. This work aims to determine the contents of six HMs (Cr, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Zn) in the sediments from the upper reaches of the LTR in Jiulongpo District, assess the contamination and potential risks of HMs, and analyze the possible sources of the HMs in the sediments.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, human activities, such as the discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, as well as agricultural activities which cause non-point source pollution, may lead to HM accumulation in the sediments in the upper reaches of the LTR in the Jiulongpo District. Although the possible environmental risks caused by HMs in river and lake sediments have gradually received research attention, and studies on the risk of HMs and their sources in some key river and lake basins have been conducted [21][22][23][24], studies on the environmental risk and sources of HMs in sediments in the LTR are still relatively limited [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contamination, Risk, and Source Identification in the Sediments from the Liangtan River, China

Ma,

Wu,

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The contents of six heavy metals (HMs: Cr, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Zn) in sediments from the upper reaches of Liangtan River (LTR) were determined. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI) were employed to assess the HM contamination in the sediments. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis (PCC), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were used to infer the sources of HMs. The average concentrations of Cr, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Zn were 44.63 ± 25.36, 31.40 ± 22.56, 4.66 ± 2.07, 29.20 ± 27.73, 0.25 ± 0.06, and 68.87 ± 104.62 μg/g, respectively. The Igeo indicated that the Cd contamination level was unpolluted to moderately polluted. The mean PLI was 0.97 ± 0.53, suggesting that the sediments were unpolluted, but close to moderately contaminated. The RI values indicated that the potential environmental risk of HMs in the sediments of the LTR was low. The results of PCC, PCA, and CA suggested that the Cr, Cu, As, and Zn in the sediment may mainly originate from natural processes; Pb mainly comes from human industrial and agricultural production activities as well as natural processes; and the main source of Cd may be the production activities of the surrounding chemical enterprises and chemical fertilizer application in farmland.

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“…In a recent study, Cd, nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) transport in undisturbed loamy soil columns was investigated, and it was observed that the analytical CXTFIT model performed slightly better than the numerical HYDRUS model under saturated conditions [8]. Research revealed that compared to arsenate (As(V)), arsenite (As(III)) is more mobile, less strongly sorbed, and leaches at a higher rate [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure Effect

Rukh,

Akhtar,

Alshehri

et al. 2024

Water

Self Cite

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Dissolved arsenic (As) may appear at the tile line level through preferential flow (PF), leading to contamination of shallow water bodies. Limited work on the movement of As forms in field soils urged the need for more research. The PF of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) compared to chloride (Cl) at constant flow under saturated (10 mm), slightly unsaturated (−10 mm), and unsaturated (−40 mm) pressure heads was evaluated in replicated large field columns varying in subsoil structure. A solute containing As(V), As(III), and Cl was pulsed until the Cl concentration ratio in the drainage samples reached maxima and flushed with solute-free irrigation. HYDRUS-1D software version 4.15 was utilized to fit the breakthroughs of As(V) and As(III) in the dual-porosity physical non-equilibrium model (DP-PNE). The Langmuir equation was used to fit the As(V) and As(III) sorption isotherms, and blue dye staining was used for the marking of flow paths. Dye leaching was observed up to 50 cm or deeper in the soils. Under saturated conditions (+10 mm), Kotli, Guliana, and Mansehra soils showed chemical non-equilibrium (CNE) for As(V) and As(III); however, the extent of CNE was less under unsaturated conditions (−40 mm). These results implied that these well-structured soils had enough large macropores, which cause PF, but at the same time, they were also small enough to retain water and leach solutes under unsaturated conditions (−40 mm). It is concluded that irrigation of contaminated water or dumping solid waste on well-aggregated soil may exhibit PF of dissolved As during and after rains, and additionally As(III), which is more toxic and mobile under reduced conditions, has equal or greater potential for movement.

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Assessment and Spatiotemporal Variability of Heavy Metals Pollution in Water and Sediments of a Coastal Landscape at the Nile Delta

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Uncertainties in Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Lake Sediments Using Regional Background Soils in China

Uncertainties in Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Lake Sediments Using Regional Background Soils in China

An Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contamination, Risk, and Source Identification in the Sediments from the Liangtan River, China

Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure Effect

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