Assessment and management of halitosis

Singh, Vijendra Pal; Malhotra, Neeraj; Apratim, Abhishek; Verma, Madhu

doi:10.12968/denu.2015.42.4.346

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…VSC formation by bacteria in the oral cavity or oropharynx can be objectively measured by portable gas chromatography, and currently, VSCs are considered an important causative factor for halitosis. These sulfur compounds could also be manifestations of systemic disease, such as hepatic failure, or isolated persistent hypermethioninemia [7,[28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration as an Etiologic Factor of Halitosis: A Case-Control Study

Jeong

Lee

2021

J Oral Med Pain

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Salivation is considered to be an important factor in the control of halitosis, and the amount of salivation has been shown to be closely related to the level of hydration. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between dehydration and halitosis.Methods: Methods: Twenty healthy young females with no dental problems were recruited. All participants were induced to become dehydrated and then over-hydrated. After inducing each hydration state, the severity of hydration and halitosis factor (organoleptic scores, amounts of resting and functional saliva, gas examinations, and tongue coatings) were measured. Hydration statuses were graded as dehydration, normal, or over-hydration according to urine osmolality. This was a cross sectional study with a cross over design. Results: Results:The dehydrated status was associated with higher organoleptic scores than the normal or over-hydrated status (1.75±0.75 vs. 0.87±0.63, and 0.65±0.53, respectively. p<0.05). Mean values of CH 3 SH, (CH 3 ) 2 S in portable gas chromatography for the dehydrated, normal, and over-hydrated status were 11.70±37.00, 6.75±13.50, and 2.80±5.87 nmol/mol, 10.50±15.59, 7.25±10.87, and 1.50±2.55 nmol/mol, respectively. p>0.05). (CH 3 ) 2 S (r=0.410, p=0.009) showed a moderate positive correlation with dehydration status. The resting salivation rates were relatively lower for the dehydrated status than for the normal or overhydrated status (p>0.05), and tongue coating results were also higher for the dehydrated status (p>0.05).Conclusions: Conclusions: Dehydration status appears to be positively correlated with a low resting salivation rate and high portable gas chromatography results. This shows that dehydration might be an etiologic factor of halitosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration as an Etiologic Factor of Halitosis: A Case-Control Study

Jeong

Lee

2021

J Oral Med Pain

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“…In Cases 1 and 2, it is expected that, through such processes, modulation of the oral–biofilm composition will take place [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. This would result in reducing the pathogenicity and cariogenic potential of biofilm microorganisms [ 33 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] as well as reducing the potential pathogens burden in oral biofilm [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The final outcome will definitely present a clear path for caries, gingivitis and periodontal management [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Possible Roles Of Probiotics In the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics: A Promising Role in Dental Health

Mahasneh

2017

Dentistry Journal

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Probiotics have a role in maintaining oral health through interaction with oral microbiome, thus contributing to healthy microbial equilibrium. The nature and composition of any individual microbiome impacts the general health, being a major contributor to oral health. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of available antimicrobials have restricted their use in an array of prophylactic options. Indeed, some new strategies to prevent oral diseases are based on manipulating oral microbiota, which is provided by probiotics. Currently, no sufficient substantial evidence exists to support the use of probiotics to prevent, treat or manage oral cavity diseases. At present, probiotic use did not cause adverse effects or increased risks of caries or periodontal diseases. This implicates no strong evidence against treatment using probiotics. In this review, we try to explore the use of probiotics in prevention, treatment and management of some oral cavity diseases and the possibilities of developing designer probiotics for the next generation of oral and throat complimentary healthcare.

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“…In case of psychogenic malodor, the psychological state of the sufferer may increase or decrease the levels of objective malodor (Akos et al 2012;Pham 2013). Although this has not been satisfactorily proven, the possible exception to this is the effect of stress which may have secondary implications for halitosis due to diminished salivary flow (Singh et al 2015). Under stress, individuals may develop hyposalivation, which leads to a longer retention time of the biofilm matrix.…”

Section: Psychogenic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any associations with underlying systemic conditions should also be accounted for (Murata et al 2002). Patients may have multiple factors contributing to halitosis, and these may be a combination of medication, food, local, systemic, and psychological causes (Rosing and Loesche 2011;Tangerman 2002;Madhushankari et al 2015;Eli et al 1996;Singh et al 2015). When it is determined to be strictly psychogenic, pseudo-halitosis, or halitophobia, the patient should be referred for psychiatric evaluation and management (Akpata et al 2009).…”

Section: History and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halitosis

Thoppay¹,

Filippi²,

Ciarrocca³

et al. 2017

Contemporary Oral Medicine

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Halitosis, commonly known as bad breath, is an unpleasant symptom that can present as a social problem compromising quality of life. This condition may affect individuals of all ages and may be a transient episode or a longlasting problem depending on the cause. In some cases, patients may present with pseudo-halitosis, whereby there is a belief that they have bad breath despite their malodor not being perceived or detected, either by those around them or by objective analysis. Halitosis can occur due to local factors, or in rare cases be attributed to systemic etiologies. For patients who present with halitosis exclusively from local oral factors, improving oral health including tongue cleaning, treating dry mouth and alleviating local causes, may be beneficial. For patients with a systemic etiology for their halitosis, a multidisciplinary management approach may be necessary.

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Assessment and management of halitosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Dehydration as an Etiologic Factor of Halitosis: A Case-Control Study

Dehydration as an Etiologic Factor of Halitosis: A Case-Control Study

Probiotics: A Promising Role in Dental Health

Halitosis

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