Assessing urban heat-related adaptation strategies under multiple futures for a major U.S. city

Rohat, Guillaume; Wilhelmi, Olga; Flacke, Johannes; Monaghan, Andrew; Gao, Jing; Maarseveen, Martin van; Dao, Hy

doi:10.1007/s10584-021-02990-9

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Boosting UHI effects during HWs impacts thermal comfort and heat-related morbidity (e.g., heat exhaustion and heat stroke) and mortality [4]. Health risks are intensified for more vulnerable groups, such as elderly and very young people, subjects with preexisting medical conditions, low-income groups, ethnic minorities, and socially isolated individuals [57]. Moreover, during HWs, the concentration of air pollutants rises, which also aggravates health risks [58].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Wearable System for Sensing Outdoor Environmental Conditions for Monitoring Hyper-Microclimate

Cureau

Pigliautile

Pisello

2022

Sensors

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The rapid urbanization process brings consequences to urban environments, such poor air quality and the urban heat island issues. Due to these effects, environmental monitoring is gaining attention with the aim of identifying local risks and improving cities’ liveability and resilience. However, these environments are very heterogeneous, and high-spatial-resolution data are needed to identify the intra-urban variations of physical parameters. Recently, wearable sensing techniques have been used to perform microscale monitoring, but they usually focus on one environmental physics domain. This paper presents a new wearable system developed to monitor key multidomain parameters related to the air quality, thermal, and visual domains, on a hyperlocal scale from a pedestrian’s perspective. The system consisted of a set of sensors connected to a control unit settled on a backpack and could be connected via Wi-Fi to any portable equipment. The device was prototyped to guarantee the easy sensors maintenance, and a user-friendly dashboard facilitated a real-time monitoring overview. Several tests were conducted to confirm the reliability of the sensors. The new device will allow comprehensive environmental monitoring and multidomain comfort investigations to be carried out, which can support urban planners to face the negative effects of urbanization and to crowd data sourcing in smart cities.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Wearable System for Sensing Outdoor Environmental Conditions for Monitoring Hyper-Microclimate

Cureau

Pigliautile

Pisello

2022

Sensors

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“…And while the SSPs address key socioeconomic drivers of climate change, the global SSPs do not address the nature of changes to the built environment, critical to understanding future vulnerabilities and consequences of different urban futures, nor do they speak to concerns that are prominent in city-life such as those relating to diversity, racial justice, or migration. Recent work to extend these narratives to regions (e.g., Absar and Preston 2015;Reimann et al, 2021) and cities (e.g., Kamei et al, 2016;Lino et al, 2019;Rohat et al, 2021) are just beginning to emerge. Similarly, other scholars use a visioning process to generate plausible scenarios for climate-adaptation futures-these tend to adopt a businessas-usual future (one of the five SSPs) along with stakeholderdriven framings to envision the future (Iwaniec et al, 2020b;Hamstead et al, 2021b).…”

Section: Population Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By producing these three independent projections, the study team then estimates future exposure to extreme heat. In a related paper (mentioned below), Rohat et al (2021) take the output of this study to use with stakeholders to examine the influence of different adaptation measures on extreme-heat outcomes.…”

Section: Projecting Population In the Context Of The Sspsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inequitable impacts of climate change as well as the uneven distribution of environmental benefits and burdens (such as access to nature, tree canopy, placement of undesirable land uses and polluting facilities) are evident within cities (Rohat et al, 2021). For example, in New York City (NYC), heat waves disproportionately cause blackouts in low-income neighborhoods (Con Edison Media Relations 2019;Ortiz et al, 2022) and non-Hispanic Blacks living in rentassisted housing face higher odds of mortality during warm seasons than other New Yorkers (Madrigano et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Frameworks to envision equitable urban futures in a changing climate: A multi-level, multidisciplinary case study of New York City

Balk

Daniela²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Front. Built Environ.

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Cities are at the forefront of climate change action and planning for futures that are concomitantly more resilient and equitable, making local goals imperative for global sustainability. Under the multiple challenges of changing climatic, ecological and socio-economic conditions, cities need the means to meet these goals. We know cities are and will continue to be points of concentrated and diverse populations, socioeconomic vulnerability, amplified exposure, transformed ecosystems and are responsible for the bulk of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, much is also unknown and intrinsically uncertain about urban futures: there is a range of potential plausible futures which have differing implications for both potential mitigation and adaptation actions. To better assess these plausible futures, the “global change” research community developed a framework including scenarios that are applicable for global and regional policy, entitled the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and scenarios exploring future emissions that will drive climate change, entitled Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Importantly, this global scale framework does not include specific city-level perspectives or data at the spatial scales necessary to address questions of local relevance. While the SSPs address many of the key population and socioeconomic drivers of climate change, they do not address important concerns that are particularly relevant to cities, such as racial justice, ecosystem change or migration. Nevertheless, city-level impacts will evolve, in part, as a function of the global scale change characterized by the SSPs, and in part based on demographic and social processes already underway. As such, applying a modification of this framework to cities has the potential to help limit local climate impacts, and create a more resilient, equitable city. To address these needs and respond to city and regional stakeholders, we propose a framework for science-based narratives and quantitative projections for cities and metropolitan areas, such as Greater New York City. In this paper, we review a wide-range of existing approaches to generate estimates of future populations and identify their vulnerabilities to climate-change hazards, ranging from subnational population projections or the spatially-explicit allocation of populations linked to SSPs for the US and selected cities, city-specific population forecasting without climate considerations, and participatory approaches to future scenario development and fine-scale, within-city land use change models. By showcasing the strengths and limitations of various approaches and modeling efforts, their spatial and temporal scales, and thematic breadth, we propose a novel framework that leverages state-of-the art quantitative approaches and couples it with stakeholder engagement that can help cities plan equitably under uncertainty.

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“…Cooling centers, misting stations, cool/green roofs, and cool pavement interventions were targeted based on the needs and interests of low-resource communities in the Northeastern US cities of Boston and Chelsea, MA. Other articles assessing city-specific adaptation strategies similarly emphasized the necessity of identifying the heat adaptations applicable within the context of a city's population, environment, and even regional susceptibilities and vulnerabilities [10,[50][51][52].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Literature Review of Cooling Center, Misting Station, Cool Pavement, and Cool Roof Intervention Evaluations

et al. 2022

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Heat islands and warming temperatures are a growing global public health concern. Although cities are implementing cooling interventions, little is known about their efficacy. We conducted a literature review of field studies measuring the impact of urban cooling interventions, focusing on cooling centers, misting stations, cool pavements, and cool or green roofs. A total of 23 articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies of cooling centers measured the potential impact, based on evaluations of population proximity and heat-vulnerable populations. Reductions in temperature were reported for misting stations and cool pavements across a range of metrics. Misting station use was evaluated with temperature changes and user questionnaires. The benefits and disadvantages of each intervention are presented, and metrics for evaluating cooling interventions are compared. Gaps in the literature include a lack of measured impacts on personal thermal comfort, limited documentation on intervention costs, the need to standardize temperature metrics, and evaluation criteria.

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Assessing urban heat-related adaptation strategies under multiple futures for a major U.S. city

Cited by 20 publications

References 62 publications

A New Wearable System for Sensing Outdoor Environmental Conditions for Monitoring Hyper-Microclimate

A New Wearable System for Sensing Outdoor Environmental Conditions for Monitoring Hyper-Microclimate

Frameworks to envision equitable urban futures in a changing climate: A multi-level, multidisciplinary case study of New York City

A Literature Review of Cooling Center, Misting Station, Cool Pavement, and Cool Roof Intervention Evaluations

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