Assessing the Risk of Orthorexia in Dietetic and Physiotherapy Students Using the BOT (Bratman Test for Orthorexia)

Dittfeld, Anna; Gwizdek, Katarzyna; Koszowska, Aneta; Nowak, Justyna; Brończyk-Puzoń, Anna; Jagielski, Paweł; Oświęcimska, Joanna; Ziora, Katarzyna

doi:10.18544/pedm-22.01.0044

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…ON cases herein also reported on lower psychological well-being, higher perceived stress, and more depressive mood, factors that strongly correlate with subjective social status. In addition, our data corroborate previous epidemiological data showing ON and anthropometric measures to hardly correlate (Arusoğlu et al., 2008; Dittfeld et al., 2016; Donini et al., 2004; Sanlier, Yassibas, Bilici, Sahin, & Celik, 2016). The research indicating higher prevalence rates in underweight (Dell’Osso et al., 2016; Gezer & Kabaran, 2013) as well as overweight (Asil & Sürücüoğlu, 2015; Bundros et al., 2016; Fidan, Ertekin, Işikay, & Kırpınar, 2010; Hyrnik et al., 2016; Missbach et al., 2015) was not reflected in our data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Orthorexia nervosa: A behavioral complex or a psychological condition?

et al. 2018

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Background and aimsNumerous studies have provided evidence for orthorexia nervosa (ON), an eating pattern characterized by an almost manic obsession for and fixation on healthy eating, to be of epidemiological relevance. However, there is scientific debate on whether it is merely a behavioral or lifestyle phenomenon as compared to a mental disorder. Aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore whether ON is of epidemiological and clinical relevance, and whether ON can be distinguished from other mental health disorders and healthy lifestyle features.MethodsAn online survey including a measure of orthorexic behaviors [Duesseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS)], well-being and distress, eating behaviors, pathological eating, anxiety and depression, addictive behaviors, obsessive–compulsive symptoms, personality, and health behaviors was completed by 713 subjects (79.8% women, 18–75 years, median age: 25 years).ResultsTwenty-seven subjects (3.8%, 21 women) showed significant orthorexic eating (DOS ≥ 30). ON cases reported lower well-being, lower satisfaction with life, and higher current stress levels than non-ON cases. The highest percentage of variation in ON was explained by pathological eating (R2 = .380), followed by eating style, Mediterranean diet, compulsive symptoms, and subjective social status. Importantly, ON provided hardly any additional predictive value for well-being when also considering pathological eating.Discussion and conclusionsOur data confirmed the epidemiological and clinical relevance of orthorexic behaviors, but the strong conceptual overlap with other mental health problems and pathological eating raise initial doubts as to whether ON is a distinct mental health disorder category. This co-occurrence, unique symptoms, and underlying processes need further exploration by comparing ON cases with patients with other mental disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Orthorexia nervosa: A behavioral complex or a psychological condition?

et al. 2018

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“…Despite the lack of validation, the original BOT was used by four studies [12, 14, 26, 27]; the Swedish version of the BOT was used by one study [13]; and the ORTHO-10 by two studies [24, 28]. The studies were aimed at exploring risk factors for ON and exploring associations between ON and other phenomena.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main criticism raised towards this tool was the poor clinical utility due to the lack of validation [12, 14, 26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding light upon various tools to assess orthorexia nervosa: a critical literature review with a systematic search

2019

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Aim The aim of this literature review was to identify the tools developed and used to assess orthorexia nervosa (ON). Methods A systematic search was executed in PubMed, Biomed Central, and PsycINFO. The final list included 70 articles that were critically analyzed. Results A total of six tools were reported to assess ON: the BOT, the ORTO-15, the EHQ, the DOS, the BOS, and the TOS. The tools were based upon different conceptualizations of ON and of its diagnostic criteria. Although they were different, all the conceptualizations derived from the initial definition of ON provided by Bratman in 1997. None of the methodologies adopted for tool construction considered end users or client perspectives and, when carried out, the validations of the tools were fragmented and often based on specific populations. Conclusion This study may be a starting point for the construction of a new diagnostic tool for ON. Starting from the methodological weaknesses identified by this review, it was possible to derive some suggestions for future research: (a) developing a modern re-conceptualization of ON, comprehensive of end-user perspectives; (b) adopting qualitative data collection techniques to gain insights into how to diagnose ON; and (c) actively involving diverse stakeholders for constructing a new tool. Level of evidence Level of Evidence: I, systematic review.

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“…An additional problem is that analyses of results of both tests differ depending on the study (different cutoff points for orthorexia diagnosis). Some studies interpret the results of tests as ill/healthy, while others as ill/orthorexic tendencies/healthy (Dittfeld et al, 2016;Varga et al, 2014). According to the first division, the tests show considerable differences in the numbers of diagnosed persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Orthorexia Nervosa Assessment Tools Can Differ – Comparison of Two Questionnaires: BOT and ORTO-15

Zańko

Mielech

Plyton

et al. 2019

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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The paper presents a comparison of the two most commonly used diagnostic tests for orthorexia – ORTO-15 Questionnaire and BOT (Bratman Orthorexia Test) – that use data-mining methods. Orthorexia nervosa is perceived as a new, unclassified eating disorder, which is characterized with pathological fixation on the consumption of healthy foods. In order to assess the coherence of the aforementioned tests, a method from the data-mining group, i.e. correspondence analysis, was used in addition to traditional statistical methods. On the basis of the obtained results, only average correlation between ORTO-15 Questionnaire and BOT test was found. More cases of orthorexia were diagnosed with the use of ORTO-15 Questionnaire, which may result from its higher sensitivity. It was also noted that the coherence of tests increases with increasing BMI values, despite no relationship between BMI and the presence of orthorexia having been proved. Diagnosis of an orthorexia case with the use of BOT test implies that there is a high probability that it will also be diagnosed with the use of ORTO-15 test, but not necessarily the other way around. The performed correspondence analysis confirmed a not very strong coherence of the results of both tests.

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Assessing the Risk of Orthorexia in Dietetic and Physiotherapy Students Using the BOT (Bratman Test for Orthorexia)

Abstract: It has been observed that these highly sensitive behaviours towards healthy eating are very common in both surveyed groups, however with a stronger tendency among the students of dietetics.

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Orthorexia nervosa: A behavioral complex or a psychological condition?

Orthorexia nervosa: A behavioral complex or a psychological condition?

Shedding light upon various tools to assess orthorexia nervosa: a critical literature review with a systematic search

How Does Orthorexia Nervosa Assessment Tools Can Differ – Comparison of Two Questionnaires: BOT and ORTO-15

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