Assessing the regional impact of indonesian biomass burning emissions based on organic molecular tracers and chemical mass balance modeling

Engling, Guenter; He, Jun; Betha, Raghu; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar

doi:10.5194/acp-14-8043-2014

Cited by 93 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Particularly, significant differences in sulfate and ammonium concentrations between the samples in Periods I and III were found in inorganic ion species. Engling et al (2014) reported that the concentrations of sulfate and ammonium in the haze periods affected by Indonesian peatland fires were much higher (sulfate: ~6.53, ammonium: ~42.9 times) than those in the non-haze days, which is consistent with our results. Due to the partial overlapping of variation ranges of sulfate (0.953-7.16 µg m -3 ) and ammonium (0.123-1.88 µg m -3 ) concentrations between the samples in Periods II and III, it is difficult to use these compounds as indicators for Indonesian peatland fires in light haze days.…”

Section: Oc and Ecsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Mannosan and galactosan are minor constituents compared to levoglucosan and are derived from the pyrolysis of hemicellulose. The isomers of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan are derived from hemicellulose pyrolysis products and also used as tracers for biomass burning as well as levoglucosan (e.g., Engling et al, 2014;Fujii et al, 2014a;Zhu et al, 2015). In this study, the concentrations of levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan in Period I were over 4.69, 4.29, and 2.95 times higher than the average of those in Period III, respectively, which show significant differences between them.…”

Section: Inorganic Ionsmentioning

confidence: 74%

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A Key Indicator of Transboundary Particulate Matter Pollution Derived from Indonesian Peatland Fires in Malaysia

Fujii

Mahmud

Oda

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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We characterized ambient total suspended particulates (TSP) based on ground-based samplings in Malaysia during nonhaze days and haze ones affected by Indonesian peatland fires. Furthermore, a key indicator of Indonesian peatland fire was determined based on chemical characterization of TSP in Malaysia. TSP samples were chemically analyzed to determine organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), inorganic ions, and biomarkers (solvent-extractable organic compounds derived from biomass burning). Regarding OC and EC, concentrations of OC1 and OP (pyrolyzed OC) defined by IMPROVE_A protocol increased remarkably during the haze episodes. On the contrary, there were no significant differences in concentrations of OC4, EC, and EC fractions between the haze and non-haze samples. Regarding inorganic ions, sulfate and ammonium concentrations increased in strong haze days, however, it is difficult to use these compounds as indicators for Indonesian peatland fires in light haze days due to the partial overlapping of the variation ranges of sulfate and ammonium concentrations in non-haze days. Concentrations of many biomarkers derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin pyrolysis products were significantly increased during strong haze days but not during light haze days except p-hydroxybenzoic acid. We proposed the OP to OC4 ratio as a potential indicator of transboundary haze pollution from Indonesian peatland fires at the receptor sites even in light haze.

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Section: Oc and Ecsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Inorganic Ionsmentioning

confidence: 74%

A Key Indicator of Transboundary Particulate Matter Pollution Derived from Indonesian Peatland Fires in Malaysia

Fujii

Mahmud

Oda

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While relative ratios of levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan have been used to distinguish between various types of biomass combustion emissions (Engling et al, 2014), peat-burning emissions did not exhibit consistent ratios of these species. The levoglucosan to mannosan ratio ranged widely from 27 to 160 with an average (± standard deviation) of 55 ± 41.…”

Section: Anhydrosugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) was collected in situ from peat smoke during the 2015 El Niño peat fire episode in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Twenty-one PM samples were collected from 18 peat fire plumes that were primarily smoldering with modified combustion efficiency (MCE) values of 0.725-0.833. PM emissions were determined and chemically characterized for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble OC, water-soluble ions, metals, and organic species. Fuel-based PM 2.5 mass emission factors (EFs) ranged from 6.0 to 29.6 g kg −1 with an average of 17.3 ± 6.0 g kg −1 . EC was detected only in 15 plumes and comprised ∼ 1 % of PM mass. Together, OC (72 %), EC (1 %), water-soluble ions (1 %), and metal oxides (0.1 %) comprised 74 ± 11 % of gravimetrically measured PM mass. Assuming that the remaining mass is due to elements that form organic matter (OM; i.e., elements O, H, N) an OM-to-OC conversion factor of 1.26 was estimated by linear regression. Overall, chemical speciation revealed the following characteristics of peat-burning emissions: high OC mass fractions (72 %), primarily water-insoluble OC (84 ± 11 %C), low EC mass fractions (1 %), vanillic to syringic acid ratios of 1.9, and relatively high n-alkane contributions to OC (6.2 %C) with a carbon preference index of 1.2-1.6. Comparison to laboratory studies of peat combustion revealed similarities in the relative composition of PM but greater differences in the absolute EF values. The EFs developed herein, combined with estimates of the mass of peat burned, are used to estimate that 3.2-11 Tg of PM 2.5 was emitted to atmosphere during the 2015 El Niño peatland fire event in Indonesia. Combined with gas-phase measurements of CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , and volatile organic carbon from Stockwell et al. (2016), it is determined that OC and EC accounted for 2.1 and 0.04 % of total carbon emissions, respectively. These in situ EFs can be used to improve the accuracy of the representation of Indonesian peat burning in emission inventories and receptor-based models.

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“…While relative ratios of levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan have been used to distinguish between various types of biomass combustion emissions (Engling et al, 2014), peat burning emissions 20 did not exhibit consistent ratios of these species. The levoglucosan to mannosan ratio ranged widely 27- 160 with an average (± standard deviation) of 55±41.…”

Section: Anhydrosugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

Stockwell¹,

Gilbert²,

Daugherty³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) was collected in situ from peat smoke during the 2015 El Niño peat fire episode in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Twenty-one PM samples were collected from 18 peat fire plumes that were primarily smoldering with modified combustion efficiency (MCE) values of 0.725-0.833. PM emissions were determined and chemically characterized for elemental carbon (EC), 20 organic carbon (OC), water-soluble OC, water-soluble ions, metals, and organic species. Fuel-based PM 2.5 mass emission factors (EF) ranged from 6.0 -29.6 g kg -1 with an average of 17.3±6.0 g kg -1 . EC was detected only in 15 plumes and comprised ~1% of PM mass. Together, OC (72 %), EC (1 %), water-soluble ions (1 %) and metal oxides (0.1 %) comprised 74±11 % of gravimetrically-measured PM mass. Assuming that the remaining mass is due to elements that form organic matter (OM; i.e. elements 25O, H, N) an OM to OC conversion factor of 1.26 was estimated by linear regression. Overall, chemical speciation revealed the following characteristics of peat burning emissions: high OC mass fractions (72 %), primarily water-insoluble OC (84±11 %C), low EC mass fractions (1 %), vanillic to syringic acid ratios of 1.9, and relatively high n-alkane contributions to OC (6.2 %C) with a carbon preference index of 1.2-1.6. Comparison to laboratory studies of peat combustion revealed similarities in the relative 30 composition of PM, but greater differences in the absolute EF values. The EF developed herein, combined with estimates of the mass of peat burned, are used to estimate that 3.2 -11 Tg of PM 2.5 was emitted to atmosphere during the 2015 El Niño peatland fire event in Indonesia. Combined with gasphase measurements of CO 2 , CO, CH 4 and VOC from Stockwell et al. (2016), it is determined that OC and EC account for 2.1 % and 0.04 % of total carbon emissions, respectively. These in situ EFs can be 35 used to improve the accuracy of the representation of Indonesian peat burning in emission inventories and receptor-based models.Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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Assessing the regional impact of indonesian biomass burning emissions based on organic molecular tracers and chemical mass balance modeling

Cited by 93 publications

References 51 publications

A Key Indicator of Transboundary Particulate Matter Pollution Derived from Indonesian Peatland Fires in Malaysia

A Key Indicator of Transboundary Particulate Matter Pollution Derived from Indonesian Peatland Fires in Malaysia

Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

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