Assessing the Quality of Treated Wastewater for Irrigation: A Case Study of Ain Sefra Wastewater Treatment Plant

Moussaoui, Tawfik El; Derdour, Abdessamed; Hosni, Ahmed A.; Santos, Manuel Ballesta-de los; Legua, Pilar; Picazo, Miguel Ángel Pardo

doi:10.3390/su151411133

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…In addition to the effects derived from dams or reservoirs on streams and related ecosystems [49,61], other factors commonly contribute to the pollution of rivers, such as urban, agricultural, and industrial pollutants [48][49][50][51]62]. The discharge of pollutants into rivers not only increases chemical pollution [1,48] but also increases water temperature [49,63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Water Quality Monitoring: Using Satellite Images for Temporal and Spatial Monitoring of Thermal Pollution in Water Resources

Naimaee,

Kiani,

Jarahizadeh

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Thermal pollution reduces water quality through any process that leads to a change in the water’s ambient temperature. Karun is one of the most relevant sources of water supply in Iran, and its pollution, created by industrial, urban, and agricultural issues, has been one of the most critical challenges throughout the last few years. As the water temperature rises, the amount of dissolved oxygen in it decreases, thereby affecting the entire ecosystem associated with it. Drainage of urban and industrial runoff into surface water sources can increase the water temperature. Dams also constitute a significant part, modifying spatial patterns of temperature along river routes and causing thermal contamination. In this paper, the thermal pollution of the Karun River was assessed, and regions along this river with unusually raised water temperatures were identified and compared over 20 years. By analyzing the results, it can be found that the thermal pollution from dams has a significant impact on the downstream river environment and ecology that is considerably relevant during summer periods, showing average decreases of 3 degrees Celsius immediately beyond the dams’ locations (from 41 degrees Celsius upstream dams to 38 degrees Celsius beyond them) or even bigger (reductions of 13 degrees Celsius in one of the studied dams). Hence, our results showed that water temperature is colder downstream in the hot seasons of the year than upstream of the dams. The results suggest that the usage of remote sensing data effectively could complement collected data from ground-based sensors to estimate water temperature and to identify pollution areas. It provides experts with spatially extensive and highly synchronized data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Water Quality Monitoring: Using Satellite Images for Temporal and Spatial Monitoring of Thermal Pollution in Water Resources

Naimaee,

Kiani,

Jarahizadeh

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…In terms of agricultural activities, the northern section of this research region is marked by pastoral activities and livestock, occupying about 74% of the total area. At the same time, the southern part is characterized by small-scale irrigation systems, with the cultivation of vegetables, cereal, and olive trees [36]. The primary water resources refer to groundwater with four principal aquifer systems: the quaternary alluvial aquifer, the tertiary limestones aquifer, the Jurassic sandstone reservoir, and the Albian aquifer.…”

Section: The Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Quality Assessment and Irrigation Water Quality Index Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Hussein,

Derdour,

Zerouali

et al. 2024

Water

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The evaluation of groundwater quality is crucial for irrigation purposes; however, due to financial constraints in developing countries, such evaluations suffer from insufficient sampling frequency, hindering comprehensive assessments. Therefore, associated with machine learning approaches and the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), this research aims to evaluate the groundwater quality in Naama, a region in southwest Algeria. Hydrochemical parameters (cations, anions, pH, and EC), qualitative indices (SAR,RSC,Na%,MH,and PI), as well as geospatial representations were used to determine the groundwater’s suitability for irrigation in the study area. In addition, efficient machine learning approaches for forecasting IWQI utilizing Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support vector regression (SVR), and K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) models were implemented. In this research, 166 groundwater samples were used to calculate the irrigation index. The results showed that 42.18% of them were of excellent quality, 34.34% were of very good quality, 6.63% were good quality, 9.64% were satisfactory, and 4.21% were considered unsuitable for irrigation. On the other hand, results indicate that XGBoost excels in accuracy and stability, with a low RMSE (of 2.8272 and a high R of 0.9834. SVR with only four inputs (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K) demonstrates a notable predictive capability with a low RMSE of 2.6925 and a high R of 0.98738, while KNN showcases robust performance. The distinctions between these models have important implications for making informed decisions in agricultural water management and resource allocation within the region.

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“…Strategies to reduce heavy metal levels included preventing overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, along with ongoing market surveillance. Moussaoui et al [ 31 ] assessed various water quality variables at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Ain Sefra, southwest Algeria. Results revealed good organic material degradation, efficient biological processes, and excellent nitrate removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive environmental impact assessment and irrigation wastewater suitability of the Arab El-Madabegh wastewater treatment plant, ASSIUT CITY, EGYPT

M. El-Feky,

Saber,

Abd-el-Kader

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The presence of a wastewater treatment plant in the Arab El-Madabegh region, which discharges excessive amounts of raw effluent toward the nearby farming fields, is the area’s main issue. Examining the harmful implications of raw effluent releases on groundwater quality, determining if treated wastewater effluent complies with regulations for discharge into the aquatic environment, and assessing irrigation appropriateness by the effluent are the main goals of this work. In order to accomplish these targets, twelve treated effluent samples from the Arab El-Madabegh wastewater treatment plant were gathered every two weeks starting in January 2012 and finishing in June 2012. They were tested to determine pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Temperature (Temp), Conductivity (EC), Turbidity (Turb.), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+, PO43-, HCO3-, Na+, Mg2+, and heavy metals such as (Fe, Mn, K+, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Cd). The outcomes revealed that all Egyptian and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) standards for unrestricted irrigation were met by the treated effluents, except for COD, which exceeded than the Egyptian allowed limit. The evaluation indices of the effluent’s EC, SAR, PI, MR, and MH were in the low-risk category according to indicators of water quality for irrigation, nevertheless, The SSP and RSC both showed slightly higher values (67.9% and 2.76, respectively). As well, The average values of heavy metals in treated wastewater effluent were found to be below permitted limits, with the exception of lead and phosphate, which exceeded permissible limits in Egypt. The environmental sustainability (ecological friendliness) of reusing and recycling tertiary treated wastewater can be achieved in agriculture to reduce the adverse impacts on the aquatic environment.

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Assessing the Quality of Treated Wastewater for Irrigation: A Case Study of Ain Sefra Wastewater Treatment Plant

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Long-Term Water Quality Monitoring: Using Satellite Images for Temporal and Spatial Monitoring of Thermal Pollution in Water Resources

Long-Term Water Quality Monitoring: Using Satellite Images for Temporal and Spatial Monitoring of Thermal Pollution in Water Resources

Groundwater Quality Assessment and Irrigation Water Quality Index Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Comprehensive environmental impact assessment and irrigation wastewater suitability of the Arab El-Madabegh wastewater treatment plant, ASSIUT CITY, EGYPT

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