Assessing the Process of Retirement: a Cross-Cultural Review of Available Measures

Abstract

Retirement research is now expanding beyond the post-World War II baby boomers' retirement attitudes and plans to include the nature of their workforce exit and how successfully they adjust to their new life. These elements are collectively known as the process of retirement. However, there is insufficient research in developing countries to inform the management of their ageing populations regarding this process. This review aims to facilitate national and cross-cultural research in developing and non-English speaking countries by reviewing the existing measures of the retirement process published in English and Portuguese. The review identified 28 existing measures assessing retirement attitudes, planning, decision making, adjustment and satisfaction with retirement. Information on each scale's item structure, internal reliability, grammatical structure and evidence of translations to other languages is presented. Of the 28 measures, 20 assessed retirement attitudes, plans and decision-making, 5 assessed adjustment to retirement and only two assessed retirement satisfaction. Only eight of the 28 scales had been translated into languages other than English. There is scope to translate measures of retirement attitudes and planning into other languages. However there is a paucity of translated measures of retirement decision-making and adjustment, and measures of retirement satisfaction in general. Within the limitations of this review, researchers are provided with the background to decide between translating existing measures or developing of more culturally appropriate assessment tools for addressing their research questions.

Retirement Well-Being: A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…Some researchers have demonstrated this more optimistic view of life during retirementas a restart -but few scholarly studies have been done, especially in Brazilian (França, 2012). Previous reviews emphasized the scarcity of translated measures focusing on antecedents and consequences of this transition (Rafalski, Noone, O'Loughlin, & Andrade, 2017), behavioral measures (Barbosa, Monteiro, & Murta, 2016), and approaches to and diversity of methods of study and intervention (Boehs et al, 2017). In addition, the focus on positivity is still little approached in studies and education practices, orientation, or preparation for retirement (Siguaw, Sheng, & Simpson, 2016).…”

El inicio del fin de una etapa: la jubilación

“…Como hilo conductor tomaremos los aspectos que la literatura señala como más influyentes en el tránsito hacia esta nueva etapa para cada uno de los actores que intervienen en el proceso de jubilación. Atendiendo, además, a sus efectos sobre las categorías elaboradas por Julia Rafalski et al, (2017), en su estudio sobre las medidas existentes en el proceso de jubilación. Los motivos que justifican atender también a estas categorías (actitudes, planificación, toma de decisiones, ajuste y satisfacción) son su actualidad y pertinencia, puesto que permiten entender de forma holística la jubilación.…”

Attachment v pracovnom prostredí: analýza a porovnanie metodík

“…In the presented research, we examined how personality variables (the conceptualization of retirement, social model of retirement, use of leisure time, personal engagement in financial retirement planning, and commitments to the current profession), structural variables (age, gender, occupation, the standard of living) and their combinations explain the perception of losses and gains resulting from retirement in pre-retired educated people. The variables we selected were based on the findings of previous studies (Apouey, 2020;Eismann et al, 2019;Rafalski et al, 2017;Taylor et al, 2008;Wang & Shi, 2014).…”